Prentice Hall 2008 Chemistry CH 2 Vocabulary
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| chemical change | a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
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| chemical property | the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
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| chemical reaction | a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products
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| chemical symbol | a one- or two-letter representation of an element
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| compound | a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
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| distillation | a process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid
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| element | the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler subtsances by chemical means
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| extensive property | a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
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| filtration | a process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
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| gas | a form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; a gas has no definite shape or volume
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| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
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| homogeneous mixture | a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished
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| intensive property | a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter
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| law of conservation of mass | in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed
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| liquid | a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape
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| mass | a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram
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| mixture | a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
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| phase | any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
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| physical change | a change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change
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| physical property | a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition
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| precipitate | a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
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| product | a substance produced in a chemical reaction
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| reactant | a substance present at the start of a reaction
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| solid | a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
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| solution | a homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent
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| substance | matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either an element or a compound; also called pure substance
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| vapor | describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
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| volume | a measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter
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