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CH 2 Chemistry Vocab
Prentice Hall 2008 Chemistry CH 2 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemical change | a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter |
| chemical property | the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change |
| chemical reaction | a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products |
| chemical symbol | a one- or two-letter representation of an element |
| compound | a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion |
| distillation | a process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid |
| element | the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler subtsances by chemical means |
| extensive property | a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample |
| filtration | a process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture |
| gas | a form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; a gas has no definite shape or volume |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture |
| homogeneous mixture | a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished |
| intensive property | a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter |
| law of conservation of mass | in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed |
| liquid | a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram |
| mixture | a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| phase | any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties |
| physical change | a change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change |
| physical property | a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition |
| precipitate | a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture |
| product | a substance produced in a chemical reaction |
| reactant | a substance present at the start of a reaction |
| solid | a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent |
| substance | matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either an element or a compound; also called pure substance |
| vapor | describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature |
| volume | a measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter |
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