Chap 11 chemistry notes
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| The electrostatic attractions between molecules | intermolecular forces
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| Intermolecular forces are ___ than the bonds that hold the molecule together. | weaker
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| Intermolecular forces influence the ___ properties of many substances. | physical
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| Polar molecules align themselves so that the positive end of one molecule is near the negative end of another. This intermolecular force is called what? | dipole-dipole
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| The stronger the polarity the ___ the attraction between the molecules. | stronger
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| These intermolecular forces are stronger than dispersion forces but weaker than forces in molecules with hydrogen bonded to O, N, of F. | dipole-dipole
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| Special dipole-dipole type intermolecular forces in which one of the participating atoms is hydrogen and the other is flourine, oxygen, or nitrogen. | hydrogen bonds
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| The strongest intermolecular bonds in covalent molecules, | Hydrogen
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| This type of intermolecular force is a result of temporary dipoles. | Dispersion forces
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| According to the kinetic-molecular theory of matter particles in solids are always moving and ____. | vibrating
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| Dispersion forces occur between ___ molecules. | all
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| Dispersion forces are the only intermolecular forces acting on ___ molecules. | nonpolar
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| Dispersion forces are the ___ intermolecular forces. | weakest
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| ___ molecules have more electrons and are more likely to participate in dispersion forces. | Larger
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| ___ bonds that hold molecules together are ___ than all other intermolecular forces. | Chemical stronger
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| The lower the temperature the __ atoms vibrate. | slower
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| Solids have very low rates of ___. | diffusion
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| Solids are not ___. | permeable
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| Solids have higher density (except for water), fixed shape, fixed volume, and resist___. | compression
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| These have a naturally orderly shape, regular 3D patterns with sharp angles and edges. | crystalline solid
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| An example of a crystalline solid is ___. | Salt
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| These have no distinct shape or pattern. Glass is an example. | amorphous solid
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| ___ compounds are sometimes amorphous. | covalent
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| Some substances can form more than one type of crystal lattice. These are called _. | polymorphous
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| The energy of a crystal that is released when the gas particles form crystals. | lattice energy
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| ____ forces must be overcome when a crystal is melted or dissolved. | binding
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| When a crystal melts, ____ energy is used to overcome binding forces. | thermal
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| particles that are held together by intermolecular forces that balance out their kinetic energy. | liquids
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| Liquids have __ energy than gases. | more
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| Liquids have ___ intermolecular forces than gases. | stronger
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| Liquids are not in a __ position | fixed
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| Liquids are __dense than gases and __ dense than solids. | more, less
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| the attraction between particles | COhesion
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| the attraction between the particles of the liquid and the particles of something else | ADhesion
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| Surface acting agents that break down the normal surface tension of liquids. | surfactants
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| the elastice skin that forms on the surface of liquids | surface tension
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| results from intermolecular forces between the liquid and the container | meniscus
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| results when molecules with above average speeds break away from the liquid phase to become a gas | vaporization
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| the reverse of vaporization | condensation
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| vaporization below the boiling point | evaporation
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| vaporization that occurs at the boiling point | boiling
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| the lower the atmospheric pressure the --- it is to boil | easier
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| the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals 760 torr | normal boiling point
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| the process of separating liquids into fractions using the fact that each part has a separate boiling point | distillation
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| the point at which a solid, liquid, and gas phase of matter can exist at once | triple point
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| highest temperature at which a gas can be liquified | critical temperature
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| the pressure that is required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature | critical pressure
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