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Chem chap11
Chap 11 chemistry notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The electrostatic attractions between molecules | intermolecular forces |
| Intermolecular forces are ___ than the bonds that hold the molecule together. | weaker |
| Intermolecular forces influence the ___ properties of many substances. | physical |
| Polar molecules align themselves so that the positive end of one molecule is near the negative end of another. This intermolecular force is called what? | dipole-dipole |
| The stronger the polarity the ___ the attraction between the molecules. | stronger |
| These intermolecular forces are stronger than dispersion forces but weaker than forces in molecules with hydrogen bonded to O, N, of F. | dipole-dipole |
| Special dipole-dipole type intermolecular forces in which one of the participating atoms is hydrogen and the other is flourine, oxygen, or nitrogen. | hydrogen bonds |
| The strongest intermolecular bonds in covalent molecules, | Hydrogen |
| This type of intermolecular force is a result of temporary dipoles. | Dispersion forces |
| According to the kinetic-molecular theory of matter particles in solids are always moving and ____. | vibrating |
| Dispersion forces occur between ___ molecules. | all |
| Dispersion forces are the only intermolecular forces acting on ___ molecules. | nonpolar |
| Dispersion forces are the ___ intermolecular forces. | weakest |
| ___ molecules have more electrons and are more likely to participate in dispersion forces. | Larger |
| ___ bonds that hold molecules together are ___ than all other intermolecular forces. | Chemical stronger |
| The lower the temperature the __ atoms vibrate. | slower |
| Solids have very low rates of ___. | diffusion |
| Solids are not ___. | permeable |
| Solids have higher density (except for water), fixed shape, fixed volume, and resist___. | compression |
| These have a naturally orderly shape, regular 3D patterns with sharp angles and edges. | crystalline solid |
| An example of a crystalline solid is ___. | Salt |
| These have no distinct shape or pattern. Glass is an example. | amorphous solid |
| ___ compounds are sometimes amorphous. | covalent |
| Some substances can form more than one type of crystal lattice. These are called _. | polymorphous |
| The energy of a crystal that is released when the gas particles form crystals. | lattice energy |
| ____ forces must be overcome when a crystal is melted or dissolved. | binding |
| When a crystal melts, ____ energy is used to overcome binding forces. | thermal |
| particles that are held together by intermolecular forces that balance out their kinetic energy. | liquids |
| Liquids have __ energy than gases. | more |
| Liquids have ___ intermolecular forces than gases. | stronger |
| Liquids are not in a __ position | fixed |
| Liquids are __dense than gases and __ dense than solids. | more, less |
| the attraction between particles | COhesion |
| the attraction between the particles of the liquid and the particles of something else | ADhesion |
| Surface acting agents that break down the normal surface tension of liquids. | surfactants |
| the elastice skin that forms on the surface of liquids | surface tension |
| results from intermolecular forces between the liquid and the container | meniscus |
| results when molecules with above average speeds break away from the liquid phase to become a gas | vaporization |
| the reverse of vaporization | condensation |
| vaporization below the boiling point | evaporation |
| vaporization that occurs at the boiling point | boiling |
| the lower the atmospheric pressure the --- it is to boil | easier |
| the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals 760 torr | normal boiling point |
| the process of separating liquids into fractions using the fact that each part has a separate boiling point | distillation |
| the point at which a solid, liquid, and gas phase of matter can exist at once | triple point |
| highest temperature at which a gas can be liquified | critical temperature |
| the pressure that is required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature | critical pressure |
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kdcribb
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