PSYC100-4
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| Biological Psychology | branch of psychology relating the link between biology and behavior
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| neuron | nerve cell; building block of nervous system
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| sensory neurons | carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
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| motor neurons | carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
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| interneurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
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| dendrites | bushy, branching extensions of neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
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| axon | extention of neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons to muscles or glands
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| myelin sheath | layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of neurons; enables great transmission speeds of neural impulses as the impulse hops from node to node
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| action potential | a neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
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| threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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| synapse | junction between axon tip of the sending neuron and dendrite or cell body of receiving neuron
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| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, influencing neural impulse
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| reuptake | neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neurons
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| endorphins | natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
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| nervous system | electrochemical communication network; all nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
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| CNS | central nervous system; brain and spinal cord
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| PNS | sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
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| Consciousness | awareness of ourselves and our environment
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| cognitive neuroscience | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition
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| dual processing | the principle that information of often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and uncondcious tracks
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| selective attention | the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus; cocktail party effect
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| states of consciousness | sleeping, waking a various altered states
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| inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elseware
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| change blindness | failing to notice change in the environment
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| circadian rhythm | biological clock, regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 34-hour cycle
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| REM Sleep | (rapid eye movement) a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
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| Alpha Waves | relatively slow brain waves from a relaxed, awake state
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| sleep | natural loss of consciousness
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| hallucinations | false sensory experimences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
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| delta waves | large slow brain waves from deep sleep
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| insomnia | recurring problems with falling or staying asleep
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