farm4,5
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| autonomic nercous system functions as ___ system for many bodily functions | automatic modulating
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| the ans, the target organ is innervated by the _ neurons | postganglionic efferent
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| the parasympathetic fibers originate in the nuclei of the | cranial nerves and sacral segments of the spinal cord
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| the anatomy of what system contains long preganglionic nerves and short postganglionic nerves | parasympathetic autonomic
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| which of the following statements is ture concerning the organization of the sympthatetic division of the autonomic nervous system | the preganglionic finers exit the spinal column to enter the sympthatetic chain located along each side of the vertebral column
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| when the sans is stimulated, the adrenal __ into the systemic circulation | medulla releases primarily epi
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| which of the following choices would occur during a generalized discharde of the sympathetic nervous system | glycgogen breakdown
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| which of the following statements is true concerning the organization of the autonomic nervous systme (ANS) | if a tissue receives both innervations, the response will be equal to the sum of excitatory and inhibitory influences of the two divisions of the ANS
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| the neurotransmitter released from a preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic division of the ANS is | acetylcholine
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| which of the foloowing substances will block the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic endings in the pans | atropine
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| which of the flollowing statements is true concerning direct-and indirect acting cholinergic agents | inhibiting the enzyme that normally destroys acetylcholine results in stimulation of PANS
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| the direct effect of acetylcholine on the heart is | negative chronotropic and positive inotropic
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| which of the following choices is true concerning the pharmacologic effects associated with cholinergic agents | miosis
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| the acronym slud denotes adverse reactions associated with administration of __ agents | cholinergic
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| the S in slud stands for | salivation
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| a combination of pralidoxime and atropine is used to treat an overdose of __ inhibitors | cholinesterase
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| which of the follwong agents is used in the treatment of an overdose of acetylcholinesterase | pralidoxime
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| which of the following conditions is not a relative contraindication our caution with the ise of cholinergic agents | hypothyroidism
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| the primary objective of drug therapy in the treatment of glaucoma is | reducing intraocular pressure
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| which drug would be best to treat xerostomia | pilocarpine
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| neostigmine is a cholinergic agent that is classified as indrect acting and irreversible | first is true second false
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| sarin was used on a subway in japan to poison riders. sarin isa | anticholinesterase
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| anticholinergic agents prevent the action of acetylcholine at the __ endings | postganglionic parasympathetic
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| tertiary anticholinergic agents are | lipd soluble and easily penetrate the brain
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| ipratropium is found in a ___ inhaler used to treat astham | anticholinergic
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| anticholinergics | decrease esophageal and gastric motility
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| which of the following choices represents potential cardiac effects of anticholinergic agents | variable
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| a drug with anticholineric side effects migh exhibit all of the following except | salivation
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| which of the foloowing categories of ANS agents can cause an acute rise in intraocular blood pressure in patient with narrown angle glaucoma | treatment in combiniation with levodopa for ptients with parkinson disease
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| what are catecholamines | all of the above
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| which of the following agents is an indirect acting sympathetic agonist | amphetamine
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| which of the following agents is known to deplete endogenous norepinephrine | reserpine
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| the action of norepinephrine is terminated by which of the following choices | all of th above
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| a-Adrenergic agonists cause | vasoconstriction
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| stimulation of B2 receptors results in | smooth muscle relaxation
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| on administration of an agent, heart rate increases becuse of a direct effect on the heart. however, total peripheral resitance decrease dramatically. as a consequence, stystolic blood pressure increases only slightly, and mean arterial pressure | typically falls. agent is: ISOPROTERENOL
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| agents such albuterol cause bronchodilation by binding to | beta2
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| sympathomimetic agents will stimulate salivary flow from whoch of the following salivary glands | subamdibular amd sublingual
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| sympathomimetic agents should be used with caution in patients with | angina and hypertension
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| which sympathomimetic agent is commonly ised in dentistry | levonordfrin
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| which of th following agents is being used to produce methamphetamine | pseudoephedrine
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| patients pretreated with ___ are prone to epinephrine reversal | a-Adrenergic blocking agents
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| the following statements are true of d-tubocurarine except one> which statement is the exception? | it precipitates malignant hyperthermia in susceptible ptients when combined with halothane
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| pathways innervating smooth muscles and glands are considered afferent pathways | false
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| the fight or flight response refers to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in response to stress | false
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| salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation refer to toxic effects seen with adrenergic agents | false
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| tertiary (ammonium) agents cross the blood-brain barrier better than quaternanry (ammonium) agents | true
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| glycopyrrolate is an a-adrenergic agonist used to produce a dry field before some dental procesures | false
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| chapter 5 | *
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| pain | all of the above
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| the painthreshol varies greatly in individuals because of different perception of pain | the first part of statement is true, 2nd part is false
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| which of the following raises the pain threshold | sympathy and sleep
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| synonyms for nonopioid analgesics include | antipyretic
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| pain relief by nonpioid analgesics is mediated via action | at the peripheral nervous system
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| the action of nonopioid analgesics is related to their ability to inhibit | postaglandin synthesis
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| which of the following choices has antinflammarotry, antipyretic, analgesic and antiplatelet action | asprin
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| prostaglandins sensitize pain receptors to | bradykinin
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| which state is true concerning the pharmacokinetics of aspirin | aspirin exhibits zero-order kinetics
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| ability of aspirin to reduce fever results from its inhibition of postaglandin synthesis in the | hypothalamus
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| prostacyclin ___ aggregation of platelets and thromboxane A2 ____ aggregation of platelets | inhibits, stimulates
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| which of the following effects is the most common side effect from aspirin | gastrointesinal effects
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| which of the following statements is true regarding aspirin and the clotting mechanism | with lower doses of asprin, 1 1/2 days should elapse to obtain normal clotting
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| aspririn can be used most safely in ptients who | have arthritis
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| which of the following choices is the best to use in pediatric patients for both its analgesic and antipyretic action | acetaminophen
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| the incidense of true asprin allergy is | less than 1%
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| which of the following drugs can be substituted for aspirin in patients displaying the aspirin hypersensitivity triad | codeine
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| all of the following are charactristics of aspirin toxcity (salicylism) except | hepatic necrosis
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| a drug interaction between aspirin and ___ can result in significant bleeding | warfarin
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| what is the usaul adult dosage of aspirin for treatment of pain or fever | 650 mg every 4 hrs
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| caffeine is often combined with aspirin because caffeine potentiates the analgesic effect of aspirin and other analgesics | true
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| which of the following agent would be least useful in alleviating fever | diflunisal
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| which of the following is true concerning NSAIDS | most useful drug group for the treatment of dental pain
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| which of the following statements is true concerning adverse reactions of NSAIDS | NSAIDS have precipitated renal insuffiecinecy
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| which of the following NSAIDS is designated US FOOD and Drug Administration pregnancy catergory B | Ibuprofen
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| which of the following agents is known to have a drug interaction with lithium | naproxen
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| dental pain is best managed with which of the following choices | Ibuprofen 400mg
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| which of the following NSAIDS is considered the drug of choice for managment of dental pain when SNSAID is indicated | ibuprofen
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| oral administration with ___ is indeicated only as continuation to IV or intramuscular therapy | ketorolac
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| which of the following statements os true of COX II | it is synthesized only when inflammation occurs
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| which of the following statements is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of actaminophen | when large doeses of acetaminophen are ingested, an intermediate metabolite is produces that is thought to be hepatotoxic
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| acetaminophen does not posess any of thse clinically significant ___ effts | antiinflammatory
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| which of the following choices is currently the most popular COX II specific agent on the market | celecoxib
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| which of the following choices is true regarding these pharmacologic effects of therapeutic doeses of acetaminophen | 1,2,3,4
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| an acute overdose with acetaminphen may damage the | liver
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| who is most likely to experience the most cases of accidental overdose with acetaminophen | children
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| alcohol consumption stimulates the breakdown of acetaminophen, therby decreasing the toxic potential of acetaminophen ise | true, false
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| which of the following agents is intended to treat an acute attack of gout | colchicine
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| which of following agents is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor | allopurinol
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| two compents of pain include perception and reaction | true
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| raising the pain threshold increases one's reaction to pain | false
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| salicylates mechanism of action involves inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis | true
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| asprin should not be given to children until they are 18 years of age | true
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| salicylcims is a toxic effect from acetaminophen | false
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| probenecid and allopurinol both inhibit the synthesis or uric acid | false
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| chapter 6 | *
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| a patient with a true allergy to codeine should not be given | oxycodone
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| enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins probably function as ___, although their exact function has not been elucindated | neurotransmitters
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| beta=endorphin is a naturally occurring peptile with opiod like action. it possesses analgesic action but has no addiction potential | first statement ture
second statement false
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| althouhg morphine has its most potent action on the ___ classess of opioid receptors, pentazocine has its most potent action on the ____ classes of opioid receptors | MU,kappa
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| oral bioavailability of opiods is primarily limited by | first pass metabolism
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| which of the following statements is true concerning the pharmacokinetics of opioid analgesics | the oral to parenteral ration determins the difference in bioavailability between an opioid administered orally and onge given parenterally
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| what do asprin, acetaminophne, ibprofen, and codeine have in common | all analfesic
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| which opioid is commonly ised as an antitussive | dextromethorphan
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| ___ is usually the cause of death with an overdose of opioids | respiratory depression
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| following conditions can be managed or treated with opioids | diarrhea
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| which of the following condition is an adverse reaction o the opioids | miosis
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| the following are conditions for which opioid analgesics should be used with extreme caution or not at all, except one | hypertenstion
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| a patient presents with itch and urticaria after codiene administration. this response mosly like represents | pharmacologic action of codeine
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| which is an advantage of the nsaids over opiods | not addictive
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| tolerance occurs to the following effects of the opioids except one. which one is the exception | miosis
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| which is the major symptom of opioid overdose | respiratory depression
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| which of the following drugs can be used to treat heroin addiction | methadone and naltrexone
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| which of the foloowing products is most commonly used opioid in dentistry | codeine
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| tylenol #3 contains ___ mg of codeine | 30mg
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| which of the following opioids is used primarly in the treatment of opioid addicts | methadone
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| which of the following agents is a potenet, short acting, parenterally administered opioid that is commonly used during general anesthesia | tramadol
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| which opioid analgesic is most likely to produce dysphoria | pentazocine
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| analgesia and respiratory depression are known to increase in parallel with increasing dose for the following opiod analgesics, except one. which one is the exception | pentazocine
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| which of the following agents is the only mixed opioid available for oral use | pentazocine
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| which of the following choices is the drug of choice to treat a patient who has taken an overdose of an opioid | naloxone
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| following statements are false of tramadol except one. which one is the exception | causes mydriasis
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| morphine is stonger than oxycodone | true
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| codeine activates the chemorexptor trigger zone | true
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| combining an opioid with a nonopioid analgesic produces an additive analgesic effect with fewer adverse reactions | true
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| a patient who feels nauseated after taking codeine is allergic to it | false
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| opioids are not indicated for the treament of chronic pain, such as tmj and muscle disorders | true
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