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farm4,5,6
farm4,5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autonomic nercous system functions as ___ system for many bodily functions | automatic modulating |
| the ans, the target organ is innervated by the _ neurons | postganglionic efferent |
| the parasympathetic fibers originate in the nuclei of the | cranial nerves and sacral segments of the spinal cord |
| the anatomy of what system contains long preganglionic nerves and short postganglionic nerves | parasympathetic autonomic |
| which of the following statements is ture concerning the organization of the sympthatetic division of the autonomic nervous system | the preganglionic finers exit the spinal column to enter the sympthatetic chain located along each side of the vertebral column |
| when the sans is stimulated, the adrenal __ into the systemic circulation | medulla releases primarily epi |
| which of the following choices would occur during a generalized discharde of the sympathetic nervous system | glycgogen breakdown |
| which of the following statements is true concerning the organization of the autonomic nervous systme (ANS) | if a tissue receives both innervations, the response will be equal to the sum of excitatory and inhibitory influences of the two divisions of the ANS |
| the neurotransmitter released from a preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic division of the ANS is | acetylcholine |
| which of the foloowing substances will block the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic endings in the pans | atropine |
| which of the flollowing statements is true concerning direct-and indirect acting cholinergic agents | inhibiting the enzyme that normally destroys acetylcholine results in stimulation of PANS |
| the direct effect of acetylcholine on the heart is | negative chronotropic and positive inotropic |
| which of the following choices is true concerning the pharmacologic effects associated with cholinergic agents | miosis |
| the acronym slud denotes adverse reactions associated with administration of __ agents | cholinergic |
| the S in slud stands for | salivation |
| a combination of pralidoxime and atropine is used to treat an overdose of __ inhibitors | cholinesterase |
| which of the follwong agents is used in the treatment of an overdose of acetylcholinesterase | pralidoxime |
| which of the following conditions is not a relative contraindication our caution with the ise of cholinergic agents | hypothyroidism |
| the primary objective of drug therapy in the treatment of glaucoma is | reducing intraocular pressure |
| which drug would be best to treat xerostomia | pilocarpine |
| neostigmine is a cholinergic agent that is classified as indrect acting and irreversible | first is true second false |
| sarin was used on a subway in japan to poison riders. sarin isa | anticholinesterase |
| anticholinergic agents prevent the action of acetylcholine at the __ endings | postganglionic parasympathetic |
| tertiary anticholinergic agents are | lipd soluble and easily penetrate the brain |
| ipratropium is found in a ___ inhaler used to treat astham | anticholinergic |
| anticholinergics | decrease esophageal and gastric motility |
| which of the following choices represents potential cardiac effects of anticholinergic agents | variable |
| a drug with anticholineric side effects migh exhibit all of the following except | salivation |
| which of the foloowing categories of ANS agents can cause an acute rise in intraocular blood pressure in patient with narrown angle glaucoma | treatment in combiniation with levodopa for ptients with parkinson disease |
| what are catecholamines | all of the above |
| which of the following agents is an indirect acting sympathetic agonist | amphetamine |
| which of the following agents is known to deplete endogenous norepinephrine | reserpine |
| the action of norepinephrine is terminated by which of the following choices | all of th above |
| a-Adrenergic agonists cause | vasoconstriction |
| stimulation of B2 receptors results in | smooth muscle relaxation |
| on administration of an agent, heart rate increases becuse of a direct effect on the heart. however, total peripheral resitance decrease dramatically. as a consequence, stystolic blood pressure increases only slightly, and mean arterial pressure | typically falls. agent is: ISOPROTERENOL |
| agents such albuterol cause bronchodilation by binding to | beta2 |
| sympathomimetic agents will stimulate salivary flow from whoch of the following salivary glands | subamdibular amd sublingual |
| sympathomimetic agents should be used with caution in patients with | angina and hypertension |
| which sympathomimetic agent is commonly ised in dentistry | levonordfrin |
| which of th following agents is being used to produce methamphetamine | pseudoephedrine |
| patients pretreated with ___ are prone to epinephrine reversal | a-Adrenergic blocking agents |
| the following statements are true of d-tubocurarine except one> which statement is the exception? | it precipitates malignant hyperthermia in susceptible ptients when combined with halothane |
| pathways innervating smooth muscles and glands are considered afferent pathways | false |
| the fight or flight response refers to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in response to stress | false |
| salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation refer to toxic effects seen with adrenergic agents | false |
| tertiary (ammonium) agents cross the blood-brain barrier better than quaternanry (ammonium) agents | true |
| glycopyrrolate is an a-adrenergic agonist used to produce a dry field before some dental procesures | false |
| chapter 5 | * |
| pain | all of the above |
| the painthreshol varies greatly in individuals because of different perception of pain | the first part of statement is true, 2nd part is false |
| which of the following raises the pain threshold | sympathy and sleep |
| synonyms for nonopioid analgesics include | antipyretic |
| pain relief by nonpioid analgesics is mediated via action | at the peripheral nervous system |
| the action of nonopioid analgesics is related to their ability to inhibit | postaglandin synthesis |
| which of the following choices has antinflammarotry, antipyretic, analgesic and antiplatelet action | asprin |
| prostaglandins sensitize pain receptors to | bradykinin |
| which state is true concerning the pharmacokinetics of aspirin | aspirin exhibits zero-order kinetics |
| ability of aspirin to reduce fever results from its inhibition of postaglandin synthesis in the | hypothalamus |
| prostacyclin ___ aggregation of platelets and thromboxane A2 ____ aggregation of platelets | inhibits, stimulates |
| which of the following effects is the most common side effect from aspirin | gastrointesinal effects |
| which of the following statements is true regarding aspirin and the clotting mechanism | with lower doses of asprin, 1 1/2 days should elapse to obtain normal clotting |
| aspririn can be used most safely in ptients who | have arthritis |
| which of the following choices is the best to use in pediatric patients for both its analgesic and antipyretic action | acetaminophen |
| the incidense of true asprin allergy is | less than 1% |
| which of the following drugs can be substituted for aspirin in patients displaying the aspirin hypersensitivity triad | codeine |
| all of the following are charactristics of aspirin toxcity (salicylism) except | hepatic necrosis |
| a drug interaction between aspirin and ___ can result in significant bleeding | warfarin |
| what is the usaul adult dosage of aspirin for treatment of pain or fever | 650 mg every 4 hrs |
| caffeine is often combined with aspirin because caffeine potentiates the analgesic effect of aspirin and other analgesics | true |
| which of the following agent would be least useful in alleviating fever | diflunisal |
| which of the following is true concerning NSAIDS | most useful drug group for the treatment of dental pain |
| which of the following statements is true concerning adverse reactions of NSAIDS | NSAIDS have precipitated renal insuffiecinecy |
| which of the following NSAIDS is designated US FOOD and Drug Administration pregnancy catergory B | Ibuprofen |
| which of the following agents is known to have a drug interaction with lithium | naproxen |
| dental pain is best managed with which of the following choices | Ibuprofen 400mg |
| which of the following NSAIDS is considered the drug of choice for managment of dental pain when SNSAID is indicated | ibuprofen |
| oral administration with ___ is indeicated only as continuation to IV or intramuscular therapy | ketorolac |
| which of the following statements os true of COX II | it is synthesized only when inflammation occurs |
| which of the following statements is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of actaminophen | when large doeses of acetaminophen are ingested, an intermediate metabolite is produces that is thought to be hepatotoxic |
| acetaminophen does not posess any of thse clinically significant ___ effts | antiinflammatory |
| which of the following choices is currently the most popular COX II specific agent on the market | celecoxib |
| which of the following choices is true regarding these pharmacologic effects of therapeutic doeses of acetaminophen | 1,2,3,4 |
| an acute overdose with acetaminphen may damage the | liver |
| who is most likely to experience the most cases of accidental overdose with acetaminophen | children |
| alcohol consumption stimulates the breakdown of acetaminophen, therby decreasing the toxic potential of acetaminophen ise | true, false |
| which of the following agents is intended to treat an acute attack of gout | colchicine |
| which of following agents is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor | allopurinol |
| two compents of pain include perception and reaction | true |
| raising the pain threshold increases one's reaction to pain | false |
| salicylates mechanism of action involves inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis | true |
| asprin should not be given to children until they are 18 years of age | true |
| salicylcims is a toxic effect from acetaminophen | false |
| probenecid and allopurinol both inhibit the synthesis or uric acid | false |
| chapter 6 | * |
| a patient with a true allergy to codeine should not be given | oxycodone |
| enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins probably function as ___, although their exact function has not been elucindated | neurotransmitters |
| beta=endorphin is a naturally occurring peptile with opiod like action. it possesses analgesic action but has no addiction potential | first statement ture second statement false |
| althouhg morphine has its most potent action on the ___ classess of opioid receptors, pentazocine has its most potent action on the ____ classes of opioid receptors | MU,kappa |
| oral bioavailability of opiods is primarily limited by | first pass metabolism |
| which of the following statements is true concerning the pharmacokinetics of opioid analgesics | the oral to parenteral ration determins the difference in bioavailability between an opioid administered orally and onge given parenterally |
| what do asprin, acetaminophne, ibprofen, and codeine have in common | all analfesic |
| which opioid is commonly ised as an antitussive | dextromethorphan |
| ___ is usually the cause of death with an overdose of opioids | respiratory depression |
| following conditions can be managed or treated with opioids | diarrhea |
| which of the following condition is an adverse reaction o the opioids | miosis |
| the following are conditions for which opioid analgesics should be used with extreme caution or not at all, except one | hypertenstion |
| a patient presents with itch and urticaria after codiene administration. this response mosly like represents | pharmacologic action of codeine |
| which is an advantage of the nsaids over opiods | not addictive |
| tolerance occurs to the following effects of the opioids except one. which one is the exception | miosis |
| which is the major symptom of opioid overdose | respiratory depression |
| which of the following drugs can be used to treat heroin addiction | methadone and naltrexone |
| which of the foloowing products is most commonly used opioid in dentistry | codeine |
| tylenol #3 contains ___ mg of codeine | 30mg |
| which of the following opioids is used primarly in the treatment of opioid addicts | methadone |
| which of the following agents is a potenet, short acting, parenterally administered opioid that is commonly used during general anesthesia | tramadol |
| which opioid analgesic is most likely to produce dysphoria | pentazocine |
| analgesia and respiratory depression are known to increase in parallel with increasing dose for the following opiod analgesics, except one. which one is the exception | pentazocine |
| which of the following agents is the only mixed opioid available for oral use | pentazocine |
| which of the following choices is the drug of choice to treat a patient who has taken an overdose of an opioid | naloxone |
| following statements are false of tramadol except one. which one is the exception | causes mydriasis |
| morphine is stonger than oxycodone | true |
| codeine activates the chemorexptor trigger zone | true |
| combining an opioid with a nonopioid analgesic produces an additive analgesic effect with fewer adverse reactions | true |
| a patient who feels nauseated after taking codeine is allergic to it | false |
| opioids are not indicated for the treament of chronic pain, such as tmj and muscle disorders | true |
Created by:
bisonlea