Solutions Acids Base
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture
🗑
|
||||
| Solute | the substance being dissolved; the substance of which there is less
🗑
|
||||
| Solvent | the substance that is doing the dissolving; the substance of which there is more
🗑
|
||||
| Colloid | a mixture of medium-size particles that do not settle out; the particles can scatter a light beam
🗑
|
||||
| Suspension | a heterogeneous mixture of large particles that will settle out if not stirred
🗑
|
||||
| Tyndall Effect | the observed scattering of light when shone through a colloid
🗑
|
||||
| How to tell the difference between a solution and a colloid | use the Tyndall Effect
🗑
|
||||
| How to tell the difference between a colloid and a suspension | filter them; the particles in a colloid will go through the filter paper; the particles in a suspension will be captured
🗑
|
||||
| Miscible | two liquids that can be mixed in any proportion, example: alcohol and water
🗑
|
||||
| Immiscible | two liquids that cannot be mixed in any proportion; example: oil and water
🗑
|
||||
| Like Dissolves Like | substances with the same polarity are soluble in each other; water is a polar solvent, CCl4 is a nonpolar solvent; alcohols can dissolve in both; ionic substances are treated like polar substances
🗑
|
||||
| Polar Molecule | a molecule with a dipole (positive and negative difference)
🗑
|
||||
| Polarity of Water | water is polar
🗑
|
||||
| Solubility | measures the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature
🗑
|
||||
| Solubility of a solid | solubility increases as temperature increases; pressure does not affect a solid’s solubility
🗑
|
||||
| Solubility of a gas | solubility decreases as temperature decreases; an increase in pressure can increase a gas’s solubility
🗑
|
||||
| Soluble | can be dissolved
🗑
|
||||
| Unsaturated solution | more solute can be dissolved
🗑
|
||||
| Saturated solution | the maximum amount of solute is dissolved
🗑
|
||||
| Supersaturated solution | more than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved
🗑
|
||||
| Solubility curve | a graph that plots the saturated solutions at a given temperature; grams per 100g of water
🗑
|
||||
| Homogeneous mixture | mixture with no visible differences
🗑
|
||||
| Heterogeneous mixture | mixture with visible differences
🗑
|
||||
| Dissolution | the process of being dissolved
🗑
|
||||
| Three ways to increase the rate of dissolution of a solid | heat, agitate(stir or shake), crush the solute
🗑
|
||||
| Why does heating increase the rate of dissolution | heat with increase the kinetic energy of the solvent particles; the more energy particles hit the solute harder and more often thus breaking it apart faster
🗑
|
||||
| Why does crushing increase the rate of dissolution | crushing a substance increases the surface area which is where the dissolving is going on
🗑
|
||||
| Why does stirring increase the rate of dissolution | it brings fresh solvent in contact with the solute’s surface
🗑
|
||||
| Dissociation/Ionization Equations | equation that shows how a solid breaks apart into ions when dissolved in water; example: KOH K+ + OH-
🗑
|
||||
| Net Ionic Equation | an equation that shows the ions that form the precipitate in a double-replacement reaction; example: Pb2+(aq) + S2-(aq) PbSO4(s)
🗑
|
||||
| Electrolyte | a solution of ions that can conduct an electric current
🗑
|
||||
| Nonelectrolyte | a solution with no ions; it cannot conduct an electric current
🗑
|
||||
| Strong electrolyte | a substance that dissociates 100%; it can conduct a strong electric current
🗑
|
||||
| Weak electrolyte | a substance that does not dissociate 100%; it can conduct a weak electric current
🗑
|
||||
| Properties of Acids | electrolyte, taste sour, turn litmus paper red, react with metals to form hydrogen gas, react with bases to form a salt and water
🗑
|
||||
| Properties of Bases | electrolyte, taste bitter, turn litmus paper blue, feel slippery, react with acids to form a salt and water
🗑
|
||||
| Arrhenius Acid | a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration; must contain H
🗑
|
||||
| Arrhenius Base | a substance that increases the hydroxide ion concentration; must contain OH
🗑
|
||||
| Bronsted-Lowery Acid | a substance that can donate a proton; must contain H
🗑
|
||||
| Bronsted-Lowery Base | a substance that can accept a proton; includes OH or a negative charge
🗑
|
||||
| Proton | a hydrogen ion
🗑
|
||||
| [H+] | hydrogen ion concentration
🗑
|
||||
| [OH-] | hydroxide ion concentration
🗑
|
||||
| Hydronium ion | H3O+
🗑
|
||||
| Self-ionization of water | H2O + H2O OH- + H3O+
🗑
|
||||
| Conjugate pair | two substances that differ by one hydrogen; the substance with more hydrogens is the conjugate acid and the other is the conjugate base
🗑
|
||||
| NH4+ and NH3 | NH4+ is an acid; NH3 is a base
🗑
|
||||
| Amphoteric substance | a substance that can act as an acid or a base (according to Bronsted-Lowery); usually has hydrogen and a negative charge; water is amphoteric;
🗑
|
||||
| Concentration | measures the amount of solute dissolved in the solvent
🗑
|
||||
| Weak/Strong Concentration | weak concentrations are dilute solutions; strong concentrations are concentrated solutions
🗑
|
||||
| Strong Acid/Base | an acid or base that dissociates completely; it’s a strong electrolyte; this is not related to being a strong concentration; strength is measured with an ionization constant (Ka); larger numbers (smaller exponents) are stronger acids
🗑
|
||||
| Weak Acid/Base | an acid or base that does not dissociate completely; it’s a weak electrolyte; this is not related to being a weak concentration; strength is measured with an ionization constant (Kb); larger numbers (smaller exponents) are weaker acids
🗑
|
||||
| Ionization constant | K; measures the degree to which a substance dissociates; larger numbers (small exponents) dissociate more
🗑
|
||||
| Polyprotic acid | an acid with more than one hydrogen; example: H2CO3
🗑
|
||||
| Molarity | moles per liter; measures concentration
🗑
|
||||
| Molarity by Dilution | M1V1=M2V2
🗑
|
||||
| pH | equation is –log[H+]; used to determine if a substance is an acid, base or neutral
🗑
|
||||
| pOH | equation is –log[OH-]
🗑
|
||||
| pH scale | acids have a pH less than 7; bases have a pH greater than 7; neutral is 7; scale ranges from 0 to 14
🗑
|
||||
| pH+pOH | pH + pOH
🗑
|
||||
| How to find concentration given pH | the molarity equals 10 raised to the –pH
🗑
|
||||
| Sig figs for pH | the number of sig figs in the concentration equals the number of decimal places in the pH
🗑
|
||||
| Neutralization Reaction | acid + base --> salt + water; example: HF + KOH --> KF + H2O
🗑
|
||||
| Titration | a process that determines the concentration of an unknown acid
🗑
|
||||
| Salt | any ionic substance that can be formed from a neutralization reaction
🗑
|
||||
| Indicator | a chemical that changes its color based on the pH
🗑
|
||||
| Phenolphthalein | an indicator that is clear in an acid and pink in a base
🗑
|
||||
| Acid Names | ide is hydro__ic acid; ite is __ous acid; ate is ___ic acid
🗑
|
||||
| strong acids will have ____ conjugate bases | weak
🗑
|
||||
| weak acids will have ___ conjugate bases | strong
🗑
|
||||
| strong bases will have ____ conjugate acides | weak
🗑
|
||||
| weak bases will have ___ conjugate acids | strong
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ehsanip
Popular Chemistry sets