Antidiabetic Drugs
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decribe two types of diabetes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Elevated fasting blood glucose (higher than 126 mg/dL)
Polyuria,Polydipsia,Polyphagia,
Glycosuria,Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Hyperglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| Criteria for diagnosis for DM | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lack of insulin production or production of defective insulin
Pts need exogenous insulin. Will starve.
Fewer than 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1
Complications:Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| what is type 2 DM | show 🗑
|
||||
| Often known as metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hyperglycemia during preg.
insulin given prevent birth defects, subsides after delivery, 30% dev. type 2 DM in 10-15 yrs
🗑
|
||||
| what are major long term complications of DM | show 🗑
|
||||
| what are major long term complications of DM | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels higher than or equal to 110 mg/dL but less than 126 mg/dL.
Screening recommended every 3 years for all patients 45 years and older
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type 1-Insulin therapy
Type 2- Lifestyle changes, Oral drug therapy, Insulin when the above no longer provide glycemic control
🗑
|
||||
| show | substitute for endogenous hormone, restores pt ability to metabolize carbs, fats, proteins, store glucose in liver, convert glycogen to fat stores
🗑
|
||||
| show | Most rapid onset of action (5 to 15 minutes), shorter duration
Pt must eat after injection
May be given SC or via continuous SC infusion pump (but not IV)
Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Insulin aspart (NovoLog)
Insulin glulisine (Apidra)-Newest
🗑
|
||||
| What is short acting insulin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Isophane insulin suspension (also called NPH) - Cloudy appearance
Slower in onset and more prolonged in duration than endogenous insulin
🗑
|
||||
| show | glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir)
Clear, colorless solution
Referred to as basal insulin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Combination insulin products
NPH 70% and regular insulin 30% (Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30, Novolog 70/30)
NPH 50% and regular insulin 50% (Humulin 50/50)
🗑
|
||||
| show | SC short-acting or regular insulin to blood glucose test
hospitalized pts/TPN or enteral tube feedings
Subcutaneous insulin ordered that incr as blood glucose incr.
Disadv: delays insulin adm. til hyperglycemia occurs; lg swings in glucose control
🗑
|
||||
| when can you use oral antidiabetic drugs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glinides: Prandin, Starlix
Thiazolidinediones: Actos, Avandia (glitazones)
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Precose, Glyset
🗑
|
||||
| what are some new antidiabetic drugs | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is MOA of Biguanides | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Stimulate insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas, increasing insulin levels
Beta cell function must be present
Improve sensitivity to insulin in tissues
Result in lower blood glucose levels
First-generation drugs not used as frequently
🗑
|
||||
| What is MOA of Glinides | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Decrease insulin resistance
“Insulin sensitizing drugs”
Increase glucose uptake and use in skeletal muscle
Inhibit glucose and triglyceride production in the liver
🗑
|
||||
| What is MOA of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | show 🗑
|
||||
| what is MOA of Amylin mimetics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mimics the incretin hormones
Enhances glucose-driven insulin secretion from beta cells of the pancreas
Only used for Type 2 diabetes
Exenatide: Injection pen device
🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effects of Metformin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypoglycemia, hematologic effects, nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn, may interact w/ alcohol cause disulfiram type reaction
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of glinides | show 🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of thiazolidinediones | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Do not cause hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, or weight gain
🗑
|
||||
| what is hypoglycemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| hypoglycemia ss/sx | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Oral forms of concentrated glucose
Buccal tablets, semisolid gel
50% dextrose in water (D50W)
Glucagon
🗑
|
||||
| if pt is NPO and on antidiabetic drug, what should you do before procedure | show 🗑
|
||||
| When insulin is ordered, ensure: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | always withdraw the regular or rapid-acting insulin first
🗑
|
||||
| show | self-administration of insulin injections, including timing of doses, monitoring blood glucoses, and injection site rotations
🗑
|
||||
| when giving oral antidiabetic meds when should you give | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | conscious- oral form of glucose:glucose tablets or gel, corn syrup, honey, fruit juice, or nondiet soft drink, eat crackers or a half sandwich
Unconscious- give D50W or glucagon, intravenously, monitor blood glucose levels
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
palmerag
Popular Pharmacology sets