Geography Key Words and Definitions Population Topic
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| Distribution | How people are spread out
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| Population density | The number of people per square kilometre
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| Densely populated | Many people per square kilometre (Tokyo has 5751/km2 -17 times the national average)
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| Sparsely populated | Few people per km2 (Mongolia has 1.7/km2)
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| Positive factors | Factors which lead to a dense population such as flat land or raw materials
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| Negative factors | Factors which lead to a sparse population such as steep slopes and extreme climates
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| Population structure | How the population is composed of the different age-groups and gender
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| Elderly dependents | People over 65 (pensioners)
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| Child dependents | People under the age of 16 who are at school & therefore dependent (14 in many LEDCs)
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| Infant mortality | Death of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births
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| Life expectancy | The average length of life, measured by the health standards in the year of birth
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| Economically active | People of working age (16-65 in UK). These provide the taxes to support the dependents
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| Death rate | The number of people dying per 1000 of the population
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| Birth rate | The number of babies born per 1000 of the population
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| Fertility rate | The average number of babies born to a woman
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| Population pyramid | A graph which measures age-groups and gender
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| Dependency ratio | The number of dependents for every economically active person
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| Family planning | A government scheme to help families consider the number of children they will have, to use birth control
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| Greying population | An increase in the percentage of elderly dependents, due to increasing life expectancy
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| Natural Increase | The difference between the birth rate and the death rate (BR-DR)
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| Contraception | Methods to prevent births such as condoms and the Pill
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| Overpopulation | When the number of people exceeds the available resources so poor living conditions
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| Demographic Transition Model | This graph shows how birth and death rates change as a country develops
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| Replacement rate | 2.1 – the fertility rate needed for enough children to be born to balance out those dying
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| Baby Boom | When a larger number of children are born – often following a war
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| Optimum Population Total | OPT = the number of people that an area can support so that they have a sustainable standard of living
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| One-Child Policy | The scheme in China to reduce the total population
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| Urbanisation | A growing percentage of the population living in towns and cities (different to urban growth)
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| Rural to Urban | Movement from the countryside TO the cities
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| Migration | The permanent movement from one place to another, internal or external from a country
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| Origin | The source of the people moving (migrants)
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| Destination | Where migrants wish to live
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| Asylum seekers | People seeking safety in another country, fearing death or discrimination if they return home
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| Refugees | People escaping into another country, from war or natural disasters
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| Internal Displaced People | IDPs – migrants still within a country but unable to return home e.g. war in Congo
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| Immigration | People moving IN to a country
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| Emigration | People moving OUT of a country
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| Push factors | The reasons at the origin which cause people to leave
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| Pull factors | The reasons which attract migrants to their destination
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| Economic migrant | A person whose reasons for moving are based on money and improving their standard of living. (e.g. Polish workers in UK)
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| Shanty towns | Low cost, self-built housing in many LEDC cities which cannot cope with the number of migrants from the countryside (e.g. Dharavi in Mumbai)
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| Self-Help schemes | A scheme where materials are provided by city council but migrants complete improvements to shanty towns themselves (e.g. Rio de Janeiro)
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