constitution01
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| constituents | the people that live in the area that a political person rules over
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| apportionment | the determination of the number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives according to the proportion of the population of each state to the total population of the U.S.
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| impeachment | (in Congress or a state legislature) the presentation of formal charges against a public official by the lower house, trial to be before the upper house.
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| oversight | an omission or error due to carelessness
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| appropriation | an act of a legislature authorizing money to be paid from the treasury for a specified use.
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| indirect tax | a tax levied indirectly, as one levied on commodities before they reach the consumer but ultimately paid by the consumer as part of the market price.
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| direct tax | a tax exacted directly from the persons who will bear the burden of it (without reimbursement to them at the expense of others), as a poll tax, a general property tax, or an income tax.
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| deficit | the amount by which expenditures or liabilities exceed income or assets.
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| Commerce clause | a clause in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution that empowers Congress to regulate interstate commerce and commerce with foreign countries and that forms the constitutional basis for much federal regulation
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| subpoenas | the usual writ for the summoning of witnesses or the submission of evidence, as records or documents, before a court or other deliberative body.
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| bill of attainder | an act of legislature finding a person guilty of treason or felony without trial.
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| writ of habeas corpus | a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge
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| ex post facto laws | retroactive law is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences
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| reapportionment | the act of redistributing or changing the apportionment of something.
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| gerrymandering | the dividing of a state, county, etc., into election districts so as to give one political party a majority in many districts while concentrating the voting strength of the other party into as few districts as possible.
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| speaker of the house | The presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives.
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| bills | a form or draft of a proposed statute presented to a legislature, but not yet enacted or passed and made law.
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| floor leader | the majority leader or minority leader in either the Senate or the House of Representatives.
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| whips | A whip in the United States House of Representatives manages his party's legislative program on the House floor. The Whip keeps track of all legislation and ensures that all party members are present when important measures are to be voted
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| party caucus | the members of a particular party in the government
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| standing committee | In the United States Congress, standing committees are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules.
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| select committee | A select committee is a special subcommittee of a legislature or assembly governed under a committee system
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| joint committee | Committees including membership from both houses of Congress.
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| president of the senate | the president of the senate is the vice president of the united states
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| president pro tempore | a senator, usually a senior member of the majority party, who is chosen to preside over the Senate in the absence of the vice president.
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| senate majority leader | the leader of the majority party in the united states senate
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| seniority leader | Seniority determines the ranking in the United States order of precedence
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| fillibuster | the use of irregular or obstructive tactics by a member of a legislative assembly to prevent the adoption of a measure generally favored or to force a decision against the will of the majority.
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| cloture | a method of closing a debate and causing an immediate vote to be taken on the question.
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| rider | an additional clause, usually unrelated to the main body, attached to a legislative bill in passing it.
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| joint resolution | a resolution adopted by both branches of a bicameral legislative assembly and requiring the signature of the chief executive to become law.
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| concurrent resolution | A concurrent resolution is a resolution (a legislative measure) adopted by both houses of a bicameral legislature
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| discharge petition | bringing a bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without the approval of the leader
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| committee of the whole | a device in which a legislative body or deliberative assembely is considered one large committee
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| Quorum | the minimum number of members of a deliberative assembely nesicary to conduct the buisness of that group
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| roll call vote | the calling of the names of people from a list to determine the prsence or absense of the listed people
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| pocket veto | a legislative act that allows the president to veto a bill indirectly
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| confrence committee | a joint committee od a bicameral legislature, which is appointed by, and consists of, members of both chambers to resolve disagrements on a particular bill
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