Geography Key Words and Definitions Rivers Topic
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Evaporation | A transfer of water from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere where it changes from a liquid to a gas
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| Condensation | A transfer of water vapour back into water droplets due to cooling
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| Transpiration | A transfer of water from vegetation to the atmosphere
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| Precipitation | Water transferred from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface as snow, sleet or rain
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| Overland flow | Water transfer over the land’s surface – the quickest route to the river. Also called ‘Surface Run-off’
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| Infiltration | Water moving vertically into the soil AT THE SURFACE
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| Through flow | Water moving sideways through airspaces in the soil (the second fastest route to the river)
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| Percolation | Water travelling vertically down through the soil or rock
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| Groundwater flow | Water travelling sideways through permeable rock. (the slowest route to the river)
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| Streamflow | The transfer of water in river channels
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| Hydrological Cycle | The natural circulation of water. The cycle is a natural system of ‘stores & transfers’
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| Lag response | A slower rise in discharge, long lag time & lower discharge; perhaps due to permeable rock or gentle slopes
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| Flash response | This response shows a steep increase in discharge, a short lag time & a high peak discharge. This can be caused by impermeable soils, deforestation or urbanisation
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| Lag time | The time between peak rainfall and peak discharge
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| Hydrograph | Shows the changes in discharge over time following a period of rainfall
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| Watershed | The dividing line between two drainage basins
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| Tributary | A small river feeding into the major river
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| Source | The start of a river
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| Mouth | Where the river meets the sea
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| Impermeable | A surface that does not allow water to soak through
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| Drainage basin | The area drained by a river & its tributaries
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| Discharge | The volume of water in the river flowing past a certain point at a certain time
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| Confluence | Where two rivers meet
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| Gradient | The degree of steepness - can be seen on the long profile of a river
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| Suspended load | The material moved along by the river
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| Saltation | Smaller fragments carried in the flow of a river
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| Bedload | Larger fragments rolled along the river bed
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| Traction | Fragments bouncing along the river bed
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| Solution | Dissolved minerals carried in the water
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| Lateral erosion | Erosion of the sides of the valley
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| Vertical erosion | Downward erosion of the river bed
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Created by:
sallyfizz
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