CHAPTER 17 - Social Behavior
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| social psychology | the field that studies how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other people affects one another's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
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| social cognition | the process of perceiving, interpreting, and predicting social behavior
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| causal attribution | the cognitive process by which we infer the causes of both our own and other people's social behavior
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| fundmental attribution error | the bias to attribute other people's behavior to dispostional factors
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| self-serving bias | the tendency to make dispositional attributions for one's successes and situational attributions for one's failures
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| person perception | the process of making judgements about the personal characteristics of others
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| impression management | the deliberate attempt to control the impression that others form of us
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| social schema | a cognitive structure comprising the presumed characteristics of a rol, an event, a person or a group
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| stereotype | a social schema that incorporates characteristics, which can be positive or negative, supposedly shared by almost all members of a group
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| self-fulfilling prophecy | the tendency for one person's expectations to influence another person to behave in accordance with them
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| passionate love | love characterized by intense emotional arousal and sexual feelings
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| companionate love | love characterized by feelings of affection and commitment to a relationship with another person
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| attitude | an evaluation - containing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components - of an idea, event, object, or person
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| persuasion | the attempt to influence the attitudes of other people.
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| elaboration likelihood theory | a theory of persuasion that considers the extent to which messages take a central route or a peripheral route
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| sleeper effect | responding favorably to a persuasive message following the mere passage of time after having initially rejected it because of a strong peripheral factor, such as not trusting the source of the message
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| cognitive-dissonance theory | leon festinger's theory that attitude change is motivated by the desire to relieve the unpleasant state of arousal caused when one holds cognitons and or behaviors that are inconsistent with each other
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| self-perception theory | the theory that we infer our attitudes from our behavior in the same way that we infer other people's attitudes from their behavior
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| prejudice | a positive or negative attitude toward a person based on his or her membership in a particular group
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| authoritarian personality | a personality type marked by the tendency to obey superiors while dominating subordinates, to favor one's own group while being prejudiced against other groups, and to be willing to admit one's own faults while projecting them onto members of other groups
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| group | a collection of two or more persons who interact and have mutual influence on each other
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| group polarization | the tendency for groups to make more extreme decisions than their members would make as individuals
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| groupthink | the tendency of small, cohesive groups to place unanimity ahead of critical thinking in making decisions
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| social facilitation | the effect of the presence of other people on a person's task performance, with performance on simple or well-learned tasks improved and performance on complex or poorly learned tasks impaired
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| social loafing | a decrease in the individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task
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| conformity | behaving in accordance with group expectations with little or no overt pressure to do so
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| compliance | behaving in accordance with a request that is backed by little or no threat of punishment
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| foot-in-the-door technique | increasing the likelihood that a person will comply with a request by first getting the person to comply with a smaller one
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| door-in-the-face technique | increasing the likelihood that a person will comply with a request by first getting the person to reject a larger one
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| obedience | following orders given by an authority
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| aggression | verbal or physical behavior aimed at harming another person
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| frustration-aggression hypothesis | the assumption that frustration causes aggression
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| deindividuation | the process by which group members become less aware of themselves as individuals and less concerned about being socially evaluated
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| prosocial behavior | behavior that helps others in need
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| altruism | the helping of others without the expectation of a reward
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| negative state relief theory | the theory that we engage in prosocial behavior to relieve our own state of emotional distress at another's plight
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| bystander intervention | the act of helping someone who is in immediate need of aid
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