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Birth and the New Born Infant

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Term
Description
neonate   the term used for newborns  
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epistomy   an incision sometimes made to increase the size of the vagina to allow the baby to pass  
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Apgar Scale   standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns  
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anoxia   a restriction on oxygen to the baby, lasting a few minutes during the birth process, which can produce brain damage  
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bonding   close physical and emotional contact between parent and child during the period immediately following birth, argued by some to affect later relationship strength  
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preterm infants   infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception (also known as premature infants)  
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low-birthweight infants   infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (around 5.5 lbs)  
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small-for-gestational-age infants   infants who, because of delayed fetal growth, weigh 90% (or less) of the average weight of infants of the same gestational age  
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very-low-birthweight infants   infants who weigh less that 1,250 grams (around 2.25 lbs) or, regardless of weigh, have been in the womb less than 30 weeks  
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age of viability   the point at which an infant can survive a premature birth  
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still birth   the delivery of a child who is not alive, occuring in less than 1 delivery in 100  
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infant mortality   death within the first year of life  
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cesarean delivery   a birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal  
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fetal monitor   a device that measures the baby's heartbeat during labor  
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reflexes   unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occurs automatically in the presence of certain stimuli  
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classical conditioning   a type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response  
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operant conditioning   a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its associaion with positive or negative consequences  
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habituation   the decrease in the response to a stimulus that occures after repeated presentations of the same stimulus  
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states of arousal   different degrees of sleep and wakefulness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitation  
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Created by: eestrand
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