Anatomy
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| show | Defects of eyes, ears,mandible and palate; Malar hypoplasia (underdeveloped zygoma orbit & lower jaw), Downslanting palpebral fissures, Notched lower eye lids, Deformed external ears, Occasional middle and internal ear defects
Incomplete octocephaly
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| show | Mandibular hypoplasia, Cleft palate, Macrostomia, Glossoptosis; With micrognathia, or retrognathia, the chin is posteriorly displaced causing the tongue to fall backward toward the posterior pharyngeal wall; obstruction of the airway on inspiration
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| show | Parathyroids may be near or within the thyroid or thymus or near bifurcation of Common carotid artery.
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| 5th pharyngeal pouch | show 🗑
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| show | absent parathyroid gland; failure of differentiation of 3rd and 4th pouches into thymus and parathyroids. The immune deficit is caused by hypoplasia or aplasia of the thymus gland 1st arch syndrome defects. Chromosomal deletion defect
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| Congenital absence of thymus and parathyroids | show 🗑
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| Mesoderm Cells Differentiate into: | show 🗑
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| show | Differentiate into Bone and Connective Tissue.
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| Pharyngeal Arches (1,2,3,4) | show 🗑
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| Pharyngeal Pouches (1,2,3,4) | show 🗑
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| show | are invaginations of ectoderm located between each pharyngeal arch
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| show | structures consisting of ectoderm, intervening mesoderm and neural crest, and endoderm located between each pharyngeal arch.
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| Arch 1 (Maxillary and Mandibular prominences) | show 🗑
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| show | CN: VII; Mesoderm-M.of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric; stylohyoid, stapedius; Neural Crest-Stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper body of hyoid bone and Reichert's cartilage
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| Arch 3 | show 🗑
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| show | CN: X (superior laryngeal N); Mesoderm - Muscles of Soft palate (except tensor veli palantini) muscles of pharynx (except stylopharyngeus) cricothyroid, cricopharyngeus, laryngeal cartilages, R subclavian artery, arch of Aorta 6th arch (inferior laryngeal
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| Pouch 1 and 2 | show 🗑
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| Pouch 2 and 3 | show 🗑
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| Goove 1 and Membrane 1 | show 🗑
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| Intermaxillary Segment and primary palate forms: | show 🗑
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| Secondary Pallate forms: | show 🗑
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| The FACE forms: | show 🗑
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| First arch syndrome results from: | show 🗑
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| show | When pouch 2 and groove 2 persist, thereby forming a fistula generally found along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; The fistula is open; Whereas a cyst is closed
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| Primitive Streak | show 🗑
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| Notochord | show 🗑
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| show | Cranially: 1)Cardiogenic Mesenchyme 2)Notochord 3)Septum transversum; Laterally: 4) Para-axial, intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm; Caudally: 5) Infraumbilical part of anterior abdominal wall - Absence of of mesoderm in ectopia vesicae
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| show | is a localized intervertebral disk, capable of causing nerve damage; often develop in base of skull/nasopharyngeal region
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| show | Can result from remnants of primitive streak that fail to differentiate; Can also be result of primordial Germ cells that fail to migrate from yolk sac back to the future gonad region.
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| Hydatidform mole | show 🗑
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| Types of Hydatidform | show 🗑
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| Intermediate Mesoderm | show 🗑
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| Paraxial Mesoderm | show 🗑
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| show | Connective tissue of viscera and limbs serous membranes of pleura, pericardium and pericardium and peritoneum blood and lymph cells cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
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| Neurulation | show 🗑
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| show | Exencephally Anencephaly -cranial neuropore hasn't closed, exposed brain tissue undergoes necrosis; Frequently combined with spina bifida in cervical and thoracic segments; Rachischisis, meningomyelocele and meningocele are very severe neural tube defect
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| show | The arachnoid protrudes through defect of vertebral arches but is covered by skin; sac like cyst is enlarged subarachnoid space filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
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| show | Spinal ganglia, Ganglia of Autonomic nervous system, Ganglia of cranial N, Sheaths of Peripheral N, Meingeal coverings of brain and spinal cord, pigment cells, Adrenal medulla, Odontoblast of tooth, other components of head.
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| Primitive Streak consists of: | show 🗑
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| show | Folding of Embryo occurs in two planes, Cranio-caudal folding caused by growth of central nervous system and amnion and Lateral folding caused by growth of somites, amnion, and other components of lateral body wall; Embryo becomes 3-dimensional cylinder
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| Hox complex of genes | show 🗑
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| Gastrulation is the process that establishes: | show 🗑
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| show | Located caudal to primitive streak, future site of anus, site where epiblast and hypoblast cells are fused
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| Paraxial Mesoderm | show 🗑
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| show | Sclerotome: forms cartilage and bone components of vertebral column; Myotome: forms muscles; Dermatome: forms dermis and subcutaneous area of skin
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| show | forms urogenital ridge which is invovled in formation of future kidneys and gonads.
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| Caudal Dysgenesis (Sirenomelia) | show 🗑
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| Mesenchyme | show 🗑
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| Prechordal plate and Cloacle membrane | show 🗑
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| show | Trilaminar embryonic disc; Notochordal process; Cardiogenic mesoderm.
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| Fourth Branchial Arch, Cleft and Pouch Derivatives | show 🗑
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| Third Branchial Arch, Cleft and Pouch Derivatives | show 🗑
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| Second Branchial Arch, Cleft and Pouch Derivatives | show 🗑
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| First Branchial Arch, Cleft and Pouch Derivatives | show 🗑
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| Inferior Parathyroids (III) | show 🗑
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| Superior Parathyroids (IV) | show 🗑
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| show | Develops from pouch as proliferation of endoderm into mesoderm; Pouch endoderm -tonsillar crypts; About 20 weeks mesenchyme around crypts differentiate into lymphoid tissue.
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| Eustachian Tube | show 🗑
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| show | malformation of mandibular; Characterized by mandibular aplasia or hypoplasia (agnatia of micoragnatia), malposition of teeth, deformation of mouth, down-slanting palpebral fissure, Auricles pulled cuadally, defective acoustic meatus, conductive deafness,
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| show | 4th arch-CN X superior laryngeal Nerve; 6th arch CN X-XI Recurrent laryngeal Nerve
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| Ectopic thyroid | show 🗑
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| show | Tissue may lie superior to thyroid, lateral to thyroid cartilage or on thyrhyoid muscle
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| Thyrogloassal cyst | show 🗑
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| show | Moves up with swallowing (Should be differentiated form thyroglossal cyst to prevent inadvertent removal of the only thryroid tissue; Superior more constant
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| Thyroid | show 🗑
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| Cartilage (Meckel’s Cartilage) | show 🗑
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| Inner ear development | show 🗑
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| show | 6 mesenchymal swellings-auricular hillocks, develop around the first branchial cleft, mesenchyme derived from mesoderm in 1st (3) and 2nd (3) branchial arches,
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| show | Nerves that supply skin and muscle of external ear is by auriculotemporal nerve(sensory-1st arch) and facial nerve(motor-2nd arch; sensory)
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| Developing Ear | show 🗑
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| Tongue | show 🗑
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| Clefts | show 🗑
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| Pouches | show 🗑
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| show | Only membrane in the body to have all 3 layers
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| show | Anterior - when palatine shelves fail to fuse with primary plate; Posterior - occurs when palatine shelves fail to fuse with each other and nasal septum; Anteroposterior occurs when there is a combination of both defects.
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| Cleft lip | show 🗑
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| show | Phitrum of the upper lip; upper incisor teeth and gums; primary palate (region of hard palate just posterior to upper incisors)
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| show | fusion of the 2 medial nasal prominences
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| show | complete the lower jaw.
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| show | The 2 lateral nasal prominences fusing with the 2 maxillary prominences (but not with each other).
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| Time line for develpment | show 🗑
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| 1st to form | show 🗑
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| show | LNP & MNP proliferate and describe the nasal pits to form
primordial nasal sacs
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| show | Epithelium of nasal cavity differentiate to form olfactory epithelium
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| future nasolacrimal duct | show 🗑
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| show | often bilateral extend from the upper lip to the medial margins of the orbit. When this occurs the nasolacrimal ducts are open grooves
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| Lateral or transverse facial clefts | show 🗑
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| show | Develops from 2 primordia;Begins at the end of 5th week and completes by 12th week. Most critical period is b/w end of 6th week & beginning of 9th week
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| show | Begins from the inter-maxillary segment
Forms - Premaxilla- represented as the part anterior to the V shaped suture b/w that contain the incisors & incisive fossa.
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| show | Distal tongue buds merge with each other to form Ant 2/3 ;The post 1/3 of the tongue is formed by the rostral part of the hypobranchial emminence (Arch 3); Caudal part of hypobranchial emminence (Arch 4) forms the epiglottis
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| Tongue innervation | show 🗑
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Created by:
togini