nutrition ch 5
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| a category of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen compounds that are insoluble in water | lipid
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| having an aversion to water | hydrophobic
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| the basic unit of triglycerides and phospholipids | fatty acid
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| a fatty acid that has all of its carbons bound with hydrogen | saturated fatty acid
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| fats that contain mostly saturated fatty acids | saturated fats
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| a fatty acid that has one double bond | monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)
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| a fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons | unsaturated fatty acid
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| fats that contain mostly unsaturated fatty acids | unsaturated fats
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| a fatty acid with two or more double bonds | polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
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| the two polyunsaturated fatty acids that the body cannot make and therefore must be eaten in foods; linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid | essential fatty acids
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| a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid; part of the omega 6 fatty acid family | linoleic acid
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| a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid; part of the omega 3 fatty acid family | alpha-linolnic acid
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| three fatty acids that are attached to a glycerol backbone, alo known as fat | triglyceride
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| the three-carbon backbone of a triglyceride | glycerol
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| lipids that are liquid at room temp | oils
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| lipids made up of two fatty acids and a phosphate groups attached to a glycerol backbone | phospholipids
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| a compound that keeps two incompatible substances, such as oil and water, mixed together | emulsifier
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| a lipid that contains four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen | sterol
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| a substance that is converted into or leads to the formation of another substance | precursor
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| a glycerol with only two attached fatty acids | diglyceride
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| a glycerol with only one attached fatty acid | monoglyceride
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| a secretion that's squirted into the small intestine to emulsify fat into smaller globules, which allows enzymes to break the fat down. made up in the liver and stored in the gallbladder | bile
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| small transport carriers in the intestine that enable fatty acids and other compounds to be absorbed | micelles
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| watery fluid that circulates through the body in lymph vessels and eventually enters the blood | lymph
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| capsule-shaped transport carriers that enable fat and cholesterol to travel though the lymph and blood | lipoproteins
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| a type of lipoprotein that carries digested fat and other lipids through the lymph system into the blood | chylomicron
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| a lipoprotein that deposits cholesterol in the walls of the arteries | low density lipoprotein
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| a lipoprotein that delivers fat made in the liver to the tissues | very low density lipoprotein
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| a lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used as part of bile and/or to be excreted from the body | high density lipoprotein
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| hormone-like substance in the body. prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are these | eicosanoids
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| two omega 3 fatty acids that are heart healthy. fatty fish such as salmon are good sources | eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
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| adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acid to make it more saturated and solid at room temp | hydrogenation
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| substances that result from the hydrogenating of the unsaturated fatty acid, causing a re configuring of some double bonds | trans fatty acids
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| substance that contains mostly trans fatty acids | trans fats
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| the decomposition or spoiling of fats through oxidation | rancidity
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| substances that replace added fat in foods by providing the creamy properties of fat for fewer calories and fewer total fat grams | fat substitutes
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| permanent damage to the heart muscle that results from a sudden lack of oxygen-rich blood | heart attack
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| a condition caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain that could result in paralysis and possibly death | stroke
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| narrowing of the coronary arteries due to buildup of debris along the artery walls | atherosclerosis
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| the hardened buildup of cholesterol-laden foam cells, platelets, cellular waste products, and calcium in the arteries that results in atherosclerosis | plaque
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| less then 120 mm Hg and less then 80 mm HG | normal blood pressure
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| high blood pressure | hypertension
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| naturally occurring sterols found in plants. phytosterols lower LDL cholesterol levels by competing with cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal tract | phtosterols
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| phytochemicals found in fruits, vegetables, tea, nuts, and seeds | flavonoids
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