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1. The most recent techniques developed in the biological sciences allow the manipulation of DNA with the ultimate goal of intervening directly with the _______ fate of organisms. | show 🗑
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2. Small circular, extrachromosomal DNA segments are known as ________. | show 🗑
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show | restriction endonucleases
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show | cloning
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5. Single-stranded complementary tails that are produced by restriction digestion are called ______ ends. | show 🗑
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6. Viruses and bacterial plasmids are used as ______ to insert foreign DNA into host cells and create recombinant genomes. | show 🗑
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show | electrophoresis
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show | Ti plasmid
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9. _________ is a human protein synthesized in small amounts that can dissolve blood clots. | show 🗑
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10. A ______ vaccine is produced by using only a part of the viral genome. | show 🗑
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show | viruses
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12. Small, circular auxiliary DNA molecules of bacteria which are commonly used in biotechnology are referred to as | show 🗑
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13. DNA can be cleaved at specific sites, generating smaller DNA fragments with short single-stranded ends. The chemical tool used to cleave the DNA is called a(n) | show 🗑
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14. Single-stranded ends generated by the same restriction enzyme are complementary to each other. The can be joined together, | show 🗑
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show | ligase enzyme.
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show | hybridization.
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17. All of the following involve molecular biology techniques except | show 🗑
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show |
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independently of the chromosome, and | show 🗑
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19. DNA fragments complementary to the DNA being investigated are referred to as | show 🗑
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show 🗑
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20. Restriction enzymes are | show 🗑
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show | reverse transcriptase.
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show | palindromes.
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show | DNA ligase.
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24. Vectors are vehicles of transport for foreign DNA fragments into host cells, and are usually either a virus or a bacterial | show 🗑
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show | integration of the entire bacterial chromosome
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show | conferring antibiotic resistance.
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27. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) includes all of the following steps except | show 🗑
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28. In genetic engineering experiments, a common way of identifying a transformed cell is by using a "probe," which is a | show 🗑
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29. When electrical current is applied during a gel electrophoresis procedure, the DNA fragments are separated by | show 🗑
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show | beta-galactosidase
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show 🗑
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31. A commercially significant human protein now produced in bacteria is | show 🗑
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show | denaturation, annealing of primers, and then primer extension.
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show | Ti.
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show | Bacillus thuringiensis.
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35. Scientists can distinguish between DNA of different individuals, thus making this information useful in criminal investigations. The technique used is called | show 🗑
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show |
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show | incorporate part of the protein—polysaccharide coat of either the herpes or hepatitis B with the cowpox virus.
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37. Some of the useful applications of genetic engineering include all of the following except | show 🗑
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38. Agrobacterium is more difficult to use in genetic engineering procedures conducted on cereals such as corn, rice, and wheat because | show 🗑
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show | inhibiting an enzyme known as EPSP synthetase, which is required for aromatic amino acid production.
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show 🗑
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40. An insecticidal protein has been discovered in a bacterium known as | show 🗑
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41. Golden rice was genetically engineered by Ingo Potrykus in Switerland by combining genes from other organisms into the genome of common white rice. Which organism from the list below was NOT used? | show 🗑
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show | make simple cuts across both DNA strands.
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show | a recombinant DNA molecule
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show | plasmids
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45. Technique used to amplify a desired piece of DNA. | show 🗑
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show | RFLP
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47. Organisms produced by moving genes of one species to another; desired characteristics such as disease resistance or increased size are transferred. | show 🗑
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48. Ends of DNA fragments produced by asymmetric cleavage with restriction endonucleases; same ends are produced by the same enzyme irrespective of the source of the DNA. | show 🗑
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show | 5' GATC 3'
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50.A 6.85 kb Eco RI fragment of DNA is shown below. The locations of several restriction sites are indicated. Scale is approximate.If you were to digest this fragment of DNA with Pst I, how many pieces of DNA would you obtain? | show 🗑
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show | 1038 kb
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show | 1038 kb, 3529 kb
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53. Which of the following vectors is the best choice to clone a 23 kb genomic DNA fragment? | show 🗑
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show | 43 white colonies, 6 blue colonies
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55. Your research project involves the characterization of a signal transduction pathway, and you would like to identify proteins that may interact with one of the pathway components. Which of the following libraries could you screen for this purpose? | show 🗑
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56. When compared with non-cancerous cells of the same tissue, cancer cells exhibit a number of changes in gene transcription. To identify genes that are differentially expressed in cancer cells versus noncancer cells, one could perform | show 🗑
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show | northern blot
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show | DNA fingerprinting
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show | restriction maps of the plasmids
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show | reverse transcriptase and DNA ligase
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61. In a manual enzymatic DNA sequencing reaction, the nucleotide ddT is incorporated | show 🗑
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show | different colored fluorescent dyes conjugated to dideoxy terminators and capillary gel
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63. The development of PCR has revolutionized molecular biology and has led to numerous advances in basic research, as well as in medicine and forensic science. Which of the following areas does not relyon PCR? | show 🗑
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64. You are performing a yeast two hybrid screen to identify protein-protein interactions. Your bait is a 25 kD protein fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain. Which of the following best describes the nature of the library that you are using? | show 🗑
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show | introduce the knocked-out gene into embryonic stem cells, inject the embryonic stem cells into a blastocyst stage embryo, implant the injected blastocyst into a pseudopregnant female.
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show | identification of the gene responsible for particular mutant phenotype
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show | DNA vaccine.
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68. Current vectors used for gene therapy insert into the genome as a random event. All of the following are potential problems that may result from this method of integration except | show 🗑
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show | risk of contamination with herbicides and pesticides
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show | reduction of phosphate excretion in pig waste
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71. Some food crops are difficult to grow for a variety of reasons. For example, strawberries are easily susceptible to frost damage. How could one use genetic engineering techniques help to overcome this type of problem, and which type of animal or plant | show 🗑
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