Test3 A&P ch 5
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| show | stimulation by means of a nerve
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| show | a single nerve
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| show | by a single nerve
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| show | sensory or excitatory
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| show | afferent; efferent
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| show | by means of the X vagus nerve
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| show | intrinsic
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| what is the vagus nerve? | show 🗑
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| how many responsibilities does the vagus have | show 🗑
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| show | thorax, neck, abdomen
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| show | the medulla oblongata
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| show | the vagus
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| how many branches is the vagus divided into | show 🗑
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| show | recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) & Superior Laryngeal nerve (SLN)
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| show | the wide, complex variability of vocal fold production
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| list the 3 main adjustments that account vocal fold production: | show 🗑
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| show | vocal folds; contact
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| what is medial compression | show 🗑
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| what does longitudinal tension/mass do to the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| show | the vocal folds
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| show | velocity of air pressure against the vocal folds
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| show | air; vocal folds
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| what is the driving force to vibrate the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| show | because it is what's needed for the main adjustments (medial compression & longitudinal tension)
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| show | increase; increase
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| ___ _____ are a constriction in the airway | show 🗑
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| what is a critical concept for phonation? | show 🗑
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| what does it mean when the vocal folds are a constriction in the airway | show 🗑
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| show | the constriction of the airway
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| show | airway turbulence
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| what are the results of the addition of the vocal folds in the vocal tract | show 🗑
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| show | the addition of the vocal folds in the vocal tract
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| show | decrease; increase
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| show | air pressure perpendicular to the flow will decrease; the velocity of the flow will increase
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| show | the air pressure and velocity of a constant flow of air or fluid
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| according to the bertnoulli effect, when are the vocal folds capable of moving? | show 🗑
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| what results when sufficient force is exterted on the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| show | adducted (closed)
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| to begin ______: the vocal folds are adducted | show 🗑
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| show | because it allows for the subglottal pressure from the respiratory system to build up beneath the vocal folds
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| how do the vocal folds go from being adducted to being abducted | show 🗑
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| at what position is there a drop in pressure at the point of constriction | show 🗑
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| how do the vocal folds abduct? | show 🗑
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| in the abduction position, there is a drop in ___ at the point of constriction | show 🗑
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| when does air move into the vocal tract creating a negative pressure | show 🗑
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| show | to be sucked back toward the midline
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| show | the negative pressure
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| explain how negative pressure causes the vocal folds to be sucked back toward the midline | show 🗑
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| what does elasticity allow the vocal folds do to? | show 🗑
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| when is the airflow stopped? | show 🗑
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| what happens when the vocal folds make contact again/ | show 🗑
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| show | there is a force of respiratory charge beneath the folds ready to blow them apart once again
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| subglottal pressure: there is a force of ____ ____ beneath the folds making them ready to blow apart once again | show 🗑
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| what is minimal subglottal pressure in measurement | show 🗑
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| how many cm of H2O is minimal subglottal pressure | show 🗑
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| show | opening and closing
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| show | phonation
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| what is the difference between adduction & abduction in regards to phonation | show 🗑
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| what terminates phonation? | show 🗑
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| show | specific muscles
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| what involves an interaction between airflow and tissue? | show 🗑
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| vibration of the vocal folds involves interaction between ____ & ____ | show 🗑
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| show | direct muscular action
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| show | no
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| 3 basic laryngeal adjustments help accomplish _____ | show 🗑
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| show | 3 basic laryngeal adjustments
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| list the 3 basic laryngeal adjustments: | show 🗑
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| show | when the vocal folds adduct
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| does attack start or end phonation? | show 🗑
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| how does phonation start? | show 🗑
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| show | when the vocal folds abduct
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| what is termination | show 🗑
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| show | sustained phonation
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| show | vibrating
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| show | holds them in the airstream
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| show | adductors
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| show | by the tonic contraction of vocal fold adductors; the controlled elasticity
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| which phase requires muscle action? | show 🗑
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| show | attack phase
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| show | in running speech
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| list the 3 types of attack: | show 🗑
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| explain simultaneous vocal attack | show 🗑
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| show | they both occur at the same time
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| show | the adduction of the vocal folds and the onset of respiration
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| The vocal folds reach the _____ ____ of adduction at the same time that the respiratory flow is ___ to support phonation | show 🗑
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| show | significant airflow before adducting the vocal folds
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| show | significant airflow starts before adducting the vocal folds
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| why does breathy vocal attack occur frequently during running speech> | show 🗑
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| how does glottal attack differ from breathy vocal attack? | show 🗑
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| show | adduction of the vocal folds occurs before the airflow
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| glottal attack's production is much like what? | show 🗑
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| a cough is an example of what kind of attack/ | show 🗑
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| when is glottal attack used? | show 🗑
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| show | glottal attack
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| show | that they are abducted
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| what happens to the vocal folds during termination | show 🗑
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| show | the vocal folds are pulled far enough out of the airstream to reduce the turbulance
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| what happens when turbulance is sufficiently reduced? | show 🗑
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| show | turbulence; reduced
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| show | constantly
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| show | to accommodate voiced and voiceless speech sounds
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| adduction consists in which types of attack? | show 🗑
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| show | in 3 dimensions
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| what moves in 3 dimensions | show 🗑
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| show | rotating, rocking, gliding
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| show | rotating, rocking, gliding
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| show | inward rocking
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| show | primary; adduction
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| show | lateral cricoarytenoid, lateral portion of thyromuscularis
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| vocal attack and termination require what? sustained phonation requires what? | show 🗑
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| show | a laryngeal posture through tonic (sustained) constriction of musculature
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| explain how vibration of the vocal folds is achieved | show 🗑
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| show | airstream; airflow
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| during sustained phonation, the vocal folds are ____ ____ ____ | show 🗑
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| the vocal folds are held in place during what? | show 🗑
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| vibration is not the product of what? | show 🗑
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| ____ is not the product of repeated adduction and abduction of the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| show | the pattern of activity that the vocal folds undergo during a cycle of vibration
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| during sustained phonation, _____ ___ ____ is the pattern of activity that the vocal folds undergo during a cycle of vibration | show 🗑
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| show | moving from one point of the vibratory pattern to the same point again
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| cycle of vibration is moving from what to what? | show 🗑
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| show | the difference in mode of vibration of the vocal foldss
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| show | mode of vibration
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| show | modal register, glottal fry or pulse register, falsetto
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| vocal fold vibration varies for __ ___ | show 🗑
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| what vaires in each mode | show 🗑
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| how are the differences in vocal fold vibrations governed? | show 🗑
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| show | the differences in vocal fold vibrations
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| show | modal phonation
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| modal register is the pattern of phonation used when? | show 🗑
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| show | the pattern of phonation used in daily conversation
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| show | modal register/modal phonation
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| modal register= the most important register for who? | show 🗑
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| show | modal register
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| what 2 points make modal register significant | show 🗑
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| show | the folds open from inferior to superior
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| show | vertical
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| show | inferior to superior
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| how do the folds open and close in vertical mode of phonation | show 🗑
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| show | air pressure from beneath
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| vertical mode of phonation: what does the air pressure from beneath do? | show 🗑
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| show | mass; elasticity
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| mass and the vocal folds' elasticity is the result of what? | show 🗑
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| show | continued oscillation of the vocal folds
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| what conditions support continued oscillation of the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| vocal fundamental frequency refers to what? | show 🗑
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| the vocal folds have how many primary frequencies of vibration? | show 🗑
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| what produces an extremely rich set of harmonics? | show 🗑
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| define harmonics | show 🗑
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| show | vocal fundamental frequency
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| show | vocal folds; second
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| _____ is audible | show 🗑
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| show | the movement of the vocal folds in air produces an audible disturbance
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| what is another term for audible disturbance | show 🗑
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| vocal fundamental frequency: sound moves as a ___ with molecules being _____ by movement of the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| what kind of wave is compressed by the movement of the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| show | sound
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| show | elasticity and the mass of the vocal folds
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| show | them vibrating in a periodic fashion
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| explain anterior-posterior mode of modal register | show 🗑
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| in anterior-posterior mode, do the vocal folds open and close the same way? | show 🗑
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| show | open-posterior-anterior; close-anterior(medial)-to-posterior
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| what is the minimum driving pressure for subglottal pressure | show 🗑
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| ____=force | show 🗑
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| show | 3-5cm H2O
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| show | if the subglottals minimum driving pressure is lower than 3-5 cm of H2O
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| show | generate 3-5cm of H2O and sustain it for 5 seconds
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| show | he/she will not be able to use the vocal folds for speech
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| show | a client generating 3-5cm of H2O and sustaining it for 5 second
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| what is another name for glottal fry | show 🗑
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| how does glottal fry make the voice sound | show 🗑
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| glottal fry is extremely low in ___ and sounds ____ | show 🗑
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| glottal fry requires low ____ | show 🗑
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| how much subglottal pressure does glottal fry require | show 🗑
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| what is complex glottal configuration | show 🗑
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| explain the tension of the vocal folds in glottal fry in relation to modal register | show 🗑
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| in glottal fry, the vibrating margin is ____ & the lateral portion is ____ | show 🗑
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| glottal fry: ___ ____ is flaccid and the ___ ___ is tense | show 🗑
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| show | when the vibrating margin is flaccid and the lateral portion is tense
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| show | a syncopated mode of vibration
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| show | a secondary beat
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| glottal fry: what percent do vocal folds spend the cycle in approximation | show 🗑
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| glottal fry: the vocal folds spend 90& of the cycle in _____ | show 🗑
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| how are the vocal folds vibrating in glottal fry register | show 🗑
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| show | glottal fry register
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| what is the highest register of phonation | show 🗑
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| falsetto is the highest what? | show 🗑
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| show | they lengthen and become extremely thin and reed-like
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| where does vibration occur in falsetto | show 🗑
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| falsetto: vibrate along the ___ margins of the vocal folds | show 🗑
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| falsetto: what kind of contact do the vocal folds make? what happens to the degree of movement? | show 🗑
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| show | it is decreased to a narrow opening
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| show | the length of the vibrating surface
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| what does the build up of subglottal pressure cause | show 🗑
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| what kind of pressure is created once the vocal folds blow apart | show 🗑
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| medial compression causes a ____ voice which can ____ vocal folds | show 🗑
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| show | when the vocal folds come together
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| how is voice quality impacted | show 🗑
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| show | continuous opening and closing from bottom to top
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| show | vibration
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| what measures the cycles per second of vibration | show 🗑
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| fundamental frequency is what? | show 🗑
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| what is harmonics displayed as | show 🗑
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| what is the difference between a child's fundamental frequency and an adults? | show 🗑
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| show | bottom to top; back to front
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| how do vocal folds close | show 🗑
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Created by:
deborahpuckett