Vocab for Exam
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| Analytical Chem | Focuses on the composition of matter
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| Bio Chem | Study of the processes that take place in living organisms
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| Inorganic Chem | Study of all the chemicals containing C
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| Physical Chem | deals w/ the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change
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| Theoretical Chem | use of math and computers to understand observed behavior in order to predict properties of new compounds
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| Basic/Pure Chem/Research | pursuit of knowledge
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| Applied Chem/Research | W/ a goal in mind
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| Technological development | allows things to be done quicker w/ less effort. Serves needs and desires of society
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| Mass | measure of the amount of matter
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| Matter | has mass and takes up space
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| Atom | smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
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| Element | Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances, and is made up of one type of atom
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| Compounded | substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances
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| Extensive Property | depend on the amount of matter that is present
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| Intensive | Do not depend on the amount of matter present
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| Physical Change | change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
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| Chemical Change | Change in which 1 or more substances are converted into diff substances
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| Physical Property | characteristic that can be observed or measured w/o changing the identity of the substance
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| Chem Property | relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it to diff substances
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| Reactant | substances that react in a chem change
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| Product | substances formed by a chem change
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| Accuracy | closeness to the "correct" or "Accepted" value
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| Precision | repeatability; ability to repeat the result when measured in the same way
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| Percent error | calculated by subtracting the accepted value then multiplied by 100
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| Law of the conservation of mass | matter can't be created or destroyed by chemical reactions
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| Law of Definite Proportions | Chem Compound contains the same element in exactly the same proportion by mass regardless of the size of the sample or the source of the compound
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| Law of Multiple Proportions | if 2 or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements then the ratio of the masses of the 3nd element combined with a certain mass of the 1st element is always a ratio of small whole #s.
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| Atomic Number | the # of protons each atom of that element
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| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different masses
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| Mass number | total # of protons & neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope
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| Average atomic Mass | the weighed average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
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| Mole | amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12
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| Avogrado's # | 6.022x10^23. The # of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance
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| Molar Mass | mass of one mole of a pure substance
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| Quantum | amount of energy required to move an e- from one energy level to another
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| Ground State | lowest energy level position for an electron
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| Excited State | higher energy level/position for an electron
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| Heinsenberg uncertainty principle | states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
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| Quantum theory | describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
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| Electron Configuration | -are the ways in which e- are arranged into various orbitals.
-since neutral atoms of diff elements have diff #s of e-, each element has a unique electron configuration
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| Aufbau Principle | electrons occupy orbitals in order of lowest energy to highest energy
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| Pauli Exclusion Principle | n orbital can only hold 2 e- and if an orbital contains 2e- they must have opposite spins
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| Hund's Rule |
-put all electrons in 1sublevel, give them their own orbital first and make them go in the same direction
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| Periodic Law | Physical and Chem properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic #s
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| Periodic Table | an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic #s so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column/group
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| lanthanides | 14 elements w/ atomic #s from 58-71
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| actinides | 14 elements w/ atomic #s from 90=103
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| main-group elements | p-block and s-block elements
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