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Honors ChemExamVocab
Vocab for Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Analytical Chem | Focuses on the composition of matter |
| Bio Chem | Study of the processes that take place in living organisms |
| Inorganic Chem | Study of all the chemicals containing C |
| Physical Chem | deals w/ the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change |
| Theoretical Chem | use of math and computers to understand observed behavior in order to predict properties of new compounds |
| Basic/Pure Chem/Research | pursuit of knowledge |
| Applied Chem/Research | W/ a goal in mind |
| Technological development | allows things to be done quicker w/ less effort. Serves needs and desires of society |
| Mass | measure of the amount of matter |
| Matter | has mass and takes up space |
| Atom | smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element |
| Element | Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances, and is made up of one type of atom |
| Compounded | substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances |
| Extensive Property | depend on the amount of matter that is present |
| Intensive | Do not depend on the amount of matter present |
| Physical Change | change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance |
| Chemical Change | Change in which 1 or more substances are converted into diff substances |
| Physical Property | characteristic that can be observed or measured w/o changing the identity of the substance |
| Chem Property | relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it to diff substances |
| Reactant | substances that react in a chem change |
| Product | substances formed by a chem change |
| Accuracy | closeness to the "correct" or "Accepted" value |
| Precision | repeatability; ability to repeat the result when measured in the same way |
| Percent error | calculated by subtracting the accepted value then multiplied by 100 |
| Law of the conservation of mass | matter can't be created or destroyed by chemical reactions |
| Law of Definite Proportions | Chem Compound contains the same element in exactly the same proportion by mass regardless of the size of the sample or the source of the compound |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | if 2 or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements then the ratio of the masses of the 3nd element combined with a certain mass of the 1st element is always a ratio of small whole #s. |
| Atomic Number | the # of protons each atom of that element |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different masses |
| Mass number | total # of protons & neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope |
| Average atomic Mass | the weighed average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| Mole | amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12 |
| Avogrado's # | 6.022x10^23. The # of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance |
| Molar Mass | mass of one mole of a pure substance |
| Quantum | amount of energy required to move an e- from one energy level to another |
| Ground State | lowest energy level position for an electron |
| Excited State | higher energy level/position for an electron |
| Heinsenberg uncertainty principle | states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle |
| Quantum theory | describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles |
| Electron Configuration | -are the ways in which e- are arranged into various orbitals. -since neutral atoms of diff elements have diff #s of e-, each element has a unique electron configuration |
| Aufbau Principle | electrons occupy orbitals in order of lowest energy to highest energy |
| Pauli Exclusion Principle | n orbital can only hold 2 e- and if an orbital contains 2e- they must have opposite spins |
| Hund's Rule | -put all electrons in 1sublevel, give them their own orbital first and make them go in the same direction |
| Periodic Law | Physical and Chem properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic #s |
| Periodic Table | an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic #s so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column/group |
| lanthanides | 14 elements w/ atomic #s from 58-71 |
| actinides | 14 elements w/ atomic #s from 90=103 |
| main-group elements | p-block and s-block elements |
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