Textbook Chapter 6
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| show | The study or science of the form, structure, and development of plants
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| show | The science that deals with the microscopic structure of plant or animal tissues
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| Our Major food, fiber, wood, and ornamental plants belongs to? | show 🗑
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| What is Gymnosperm? | show 🗑
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| show | Plural:Pyla. A primary division of the animal and plant kingdom
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| show | broad-leaved, flowering plants.
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| What are two subclasses for the Angiosperm? | show 🗑
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| What are the shortened names for the monocotyledons and Dicotyledons? | show 🗑
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| show | The first bud of an embryo or the portion of the young shoot above the cotyledons
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| show | The part of the embryonic axis that becomes the primary root. The first part of the embryo to start growth during seed germination
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| show | Coleorhiza
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| What is Coleorhiza? | show 🗑
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| What is Adventitious roots? | show 🗑
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| show | Coleoptile
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| What is Coleoptile? | show 🗑
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| When the corn plant has reached a given size, producing a set number of leaves, female flowers, known as ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | Staminate flowers or tassels develop at the top of the plant
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| show | Small, one-seeded, dry fruit with a thin pericarp surrounding and adhering to the seed; the seed(grain) or fruit of grasses.
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| show | Caryopsis
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| show | Portion of a stem that is located above the root and below the cotyledon.
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| The plant ____ is basic structural and physiological units of plants, in which morest reactions characteristic of life occur. | show 🗑
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| The tissues of the plant develop through orderly process of __________ and _________. | show 🗑
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| show | is the branch of biology involved in the study of the components of cells and their funtions
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| show | The living material of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, consisting of a complex protein matrix or gel. The part of the cell in which essential membranes and cellular organelles are found.
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| What are the two types of cells? | show 🗑
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| What is Prokaryotic cells? | show 🗑
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| show | made up of comparments bounded by membranes with specialized structures and functions.
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| What is Organelle? | show 🗑
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| show | nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, microbodies, vacuoles, dicotyosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum
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| show | Protoplast
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| What is protoplast? | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma Membrane
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| show | is lipid bilayer surrounding the cytoplasm. It is important in maintaining a surface area for selective absorption and secretion by the cell, and plays a role in generating evergy as well.
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| What is Cytoplasm? | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasmic streaming-visible in active leaf cells under a light microscope
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| Within the cytoplasm is very important network of membranes, the ______ ________. | show 🗑
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| show | The ER the lamellar or tuular system of the colorle3ss cytoplasm in a cell
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| show | Proteins, ribosomes
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| show | Chlorophyll
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| show | A complex organic molecule that traps light energy for conversion through jphtosynthesis into chemical energy
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| show | chloroplasts
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| show | are responsible for phtosynthesis in leaves and in some stems.
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| Enclosed by a double membrane, most chloroplasts also contain other _____, large quantities of proteins and _____, and some stored ______ | show 🗑
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| what is pigments? | show 🗑
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| show | Any of a group of fats or fatlike compunds insoluble in water but soluble in certain solvents
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| show | A complex polysaccharide carbohydrate. The form of food commonly stored by plants.
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| show | Grana, Sugar
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| show | Singular: mitochondrion. Aminute particle in the cytoplasm associated with intracellular repiration
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| Mitochondria produce energy-rich compounds such as ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | nucleus
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| show | Chromosomes, Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)
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| show | A dense body in the cytoplasm essential for cellular development and reproduction
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| show | A specific highly organized body in the nucleus of the cell that contains DNA
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| show | A molecule composed of repeateing subunits of ribose(sugar), phosphate, and the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine,cytosine, and thymine. Sequence of DNA molecule
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| ________ are transcribed from the DNA in the nucleus and translated in to proteins on the ______. | show 🗑
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| show | mitochondrial, chloroplastic
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| What is vacuole? | show 🗑
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| show | Vacuole
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| show | Vacuole
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| The membrane surrounding the vacuole is _______. | show 🗑
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| What is tonoplast? | show 🗑
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| The ________ protects the proplast, provides an external structure and in some tissues mayh act as a strong support for the plant. | show 🗑
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| show | Cellulose, Pectic substances, and Lignin
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| Between cells lies an intercellular layer called the _____ _________. | show 🗑
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| show | lignins, suberins, or cutins
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| show | An organic substance found in secondary cell walls that gives stems strength and hardness. Wood is composed of lignified xylem cells
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| Individual cells in a tissue are connected to one another via strants of cytoplasmic material, called _______________, which extend through the plasma membrane. | show 🗑
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| show | pits
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| show | Tissues
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| What are the two types of tissues? | show 🗑
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| show | actively dividing cells that develop and differentiate into yet othertissues and organs. It has thin walls and dense protoplasts. Found in root and shoot tips, just above nods and woody perennials(cambium layer).
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| What is Permanent Tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Apical meristems
2)Shoot
3)Root
4)Subapical meristems
5)Intercalary meristems
6)Lateral Meristems
7)Vascular cambium
8)Cork cambium
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| show | 1)produce new buds and leaves
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| Explain Shoot Apical Meristem | show 🗑
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| show | located at the various termini of the roots, are the growing points for the root system.
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| Some plants have a dominant ___ ____ which develops downward, together with limited lateral root growth. | show 🗑
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| What is tap root? | show 🗑
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| Many plants however, do not have a dominant tap root. Instead, the root branch in many directions creating ___ _____ system. | show 🗑
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| What is Fibrous root system? | show 🗑
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| What is Subapical Meristem? | show 🗑
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| show | Subapical Meristem
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| show | Active tissues that have been separated from the apical meristem by regions of more mature of developed tissues.
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| show | It produce secondary growth, are cylinders of actively dividing cells starting somewhat elow the apical or subapical meristems and continuing through the plant axis.
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| Subapical Meristem, Intercalary Meristem, Lateral Meristems are called __________. | show 🗑
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| What is Vascular Cambium? | show 🗑
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| show | A tissue through which nutritive and other materials are translocated through the plantj. The phloem consists of sieve tube cells, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and fibers
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| What is Xylem? | show 🗑
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| show | 1)simple tissue
2)complex tissue
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| What is simple tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | It is mixed ontaining different kinds of cells. ex. Xylem and phloem
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| Explain Simple tissue's Epidermis | show 🗑
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| show | is made up of living thin walled cells with large vacuoles and many flattened sides. Parenchyma leave, active in phtosynthesis. When it's wounded able to regenerate.
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| show | is composed of thick walled cells found throughout the plant as fibers or sclereids.Common in stems and bark and are also found as stone cells in pear fruits and walnut shells.
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| Explain Simple tissue's Collenchyma tissue | show 🗑
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| show | occurs commonly in the bark of maturing stems, the trunks of trees, potato skins. The cell walls are waterproffed with a waxy material called suberin. Cork cells soon lose their protoplasts and die but contiue to retain their structure and shape.
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| show | 1)Xylem
2)Tracheids
3)Fibers
4)Phloem
5)Vessels
6)Sieve tube
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| What is xylem in Complex tissue? | show 🗑
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| What is vessels in Complex tissue? | show 🗑
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| What is Tracheids in Complex tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | Elongated, tapering, thick walled stregthening cells in various parts of the plant
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| show | conducts food and metabolites fro the leaves to the stem, flowers, roots and storage organs.It comprises sieve tube members, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma
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| What is Sieve tube in Complex tissue? | show 🗑
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| What is Phloem fibers in Complex tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | responsible for absorbing and conducting water and mineral nutrients and for anchoring and supporting the plant. Some roots act as phtosynthesized food.Roots of some plants are able to store water and phtosynthate
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| show | root cap, epidermis cortex and central vascular cylinder
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| What is root cap? | show 🗑
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| show | Endodermis
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| What is Endodermis? | show 🗑
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| show | Casparian Strip
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| show | A secondary thickening that develops on the radial and end walls of some endodermal cells
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| The ________ layer gives rise to various tissues of the ______ _______. | show 🗑
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| show | Outermost layer of cells of the central core and lies just insde the endodermis.
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| show | develops from a single parenchyma cell layer on the outer portion of the procambium.
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| show | Pericycle
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| The pericycle and the vascular cylinder are collectively called the _____. | show 🗑
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| What is Adventitious roots? | show 🗑
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| show | protoderm, ground meristem, procambium
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| show | Stomata
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| What does Stomata do? | show 🗑
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| Where is the cortex's location? | show 🗑
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| show | it comprises parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma and secretory cells.
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| show | it's ability is to divide and form new tissue when sounded, thus providing a protective mechanism for the stem.
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| show | It is the outer cell layer of the cortex adjacent to the epidermal layer. These cells may be thickened at the corners and their walls contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Therefore, it adds strength to stem.
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| What is Sclerenchyma's ability? | show 🗑
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| What is Secretory cells? | show 🗑
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| The vascular system of seed bearing plants consists of the ? | show 🗑
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| show | 1)gymnosperms and woody dicot angiosperm perennials
2)herbaceous dicot plants (potato,petunia)
3)monocot plants (corn, date palms)
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| What is cork cambium(phellogen)? | show 🗑
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| show | An opening made up of loosely arranged cells in the periderm that permits passage of gasses
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| In the young twigs and small trunks of many kinds of trees and shrubs pore openings(________) allow the inward and outward diffusion of gases. | show 🗑
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| Herbaceous Dicot plants | show 🗑
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| show | Stem growth origin frm apical meristem that produces vasucular bundles scattered thr/out the parenchyma. The sclerenchyma near epidermis thick walled cells surounding bundles support in monocot stems. It has no continuous cambium so lack 2ndary growth
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| Woody Perennial Monocot plants | show 🗑
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| show | 1)rhizome
2)stolons
3)corms
4)bulbs
5)tubers
6)leaves
7)mesophyll
8)stomates
9)guard cells
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| What is rhizome? | show 🗑
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| show | are stems that grow horizontally above ground sometimes called, runners, stolons can develop roots in teh soil at every node or at every other node. Ex. Strawberry
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| What is corms? | show 🗑
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| What is bulbs? | show 🗑
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| show | are enlarged fleshy terminal portions of underground stems. ex. white potato
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| show | Leaves are initiated by the apical shoot meristem. Monocot leaves such as grasses and palm trees have strap shaped leaves with parallel veins. The veins contain vasuclar bundle(Palisade, spongy mesophyll, parenchyma cells).
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| Dicot leaves? | show 🗑
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| show | intercellular spaces through which carbon dioxide, oxygen and water pass. The outer layer of skin of the leaf is largely made up of epidermal cells. These epidermal layer contains stomates surrounded by guard cells.
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| show | 1)Photosynthesis
2)transpiration
The guard cells controls the
opening and closing of stomata through carbon dioxide and oxygen is released.
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| What is transpiration? | show 🗑
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| Some plants have modified leaf surfaces that affect the rate of transpiration. The leaves of some plants, such as cabbage, have thick waxy surface (______) that greatly reduce water loss. | show 🗑
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| What does epidermal cells do in leaves? | show 🗑
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| show | Blade(thin and often flat part of leaf)
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| The flat thin part; the stemlike _____, which attaches the blade to the stem; | show 🗑
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| show | 1)Stipules (Appendage at the base of a leaf where it attaches to the stem)
2)Sessile leaves (used in reference to flowers, florets, leaves , leaflets, or fruits that are attached directly to a shoot and not borne on any type of stalk
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| Leaves are usually classified as ______ or _______. | show 🗑
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| show | Petiole
true leaf (simple) has bud in this location, compound leaf does not
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| show | pinnate
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| One resembling the palm of a hand is called _______. | show 🗑
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| What is trifoliate? | show 🗑
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| A ____ can be defined as an undeveloped shoot or flower. | show 🗑
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| Buds include? | show 🗑
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| show | Adventitious buds
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| show | Flowers
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| After fertilization portions of the flower develop into a _____, which bears the _____. | show 🗑
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| show | 1)species
2)genus
3)family
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| show | it has four parts, Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil.
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| show | are leaflike scales that encircle the other flower parts as in the carnation and rose. Mostly it's green sometimes they are the same color as the petals.
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| show | Calyx( collection term of sepal)
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| The ____ are the next whorl of floral leaves inward from sepals | show 🗑
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| show | Corolla
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| show | Perianth
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| show | Stamen
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| Each stamen consists of a _______ and _______. | show 🗑
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| show | Pollen (yellow bodies that are borne within the anthers of flower and contain the maile generative cells)
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| The group of stamens is the ____________. | show 🗑
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| The carpel (also called ______) the central female component of the flower. | show 🗑
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| What is ovary? | show 🗑
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| show | A rudimentary seed containing before ferilization the embryo sac, including an egg cell, all being enclosed in the nucellus and one or two integuments
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| What is placenta? | show 🗑
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| The ______, attached to the lower end of the style. The ovary contains undeveloped _______ that are attached to a _______. | show 🗑
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| show | lack one or more of the four parts:sepals,petal,stamens,or pistil.
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| show | flowers with both stamens and pistils are called perfect flowers
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| show | Staminate flower
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| show | Pistillate flowers
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| show | imperfect flowers
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| Plants having both staminate and pistillate flowers borne on the same plant are termed? | show 🗑
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