Dental Calculus and Stain
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| the term calculus means | show 🗑
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| Statement: dental calculus does not cause periodontal infections | show 🗑
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| show | Bacterial Plaque
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| Statement: bacterial plaque causes periodontal infections | show 🗑
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| Statement: Dental Calculus Causes Periodontal Infections | show 🗑
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| Supragingival calculus is most commonly located at: and why? | show 🗑
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| Supragingival Calculus is also called: | show 🗑
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| Subgingival calculus is most commonly found at: | show 🗑
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| Subgingival calculus can also be called | show 🗑
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| Examination for Supragingival Calculus | show 🗑
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| Examination for Subgingival Calculus | show 🗑
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| supra and subgingival calculus | show 🗑
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| show | 75-85 % inorganic components
15-25% organic components and water
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| show | Calculus: 75-85% inorganic salts
enamel:96% inorganic salts
dentin: 65% inorganic salts
cementum: 45 to 50% inorganic salts
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| show | True
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| show | Subgingival calculus does not develop from the direct extension of supragingival calculus even though subgingival plaque forms from the extension of supragingival plaque
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| Is it possible to have subgingival plaque and to have no supragingival plaque? | show 🗑
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| Calculus. Inorganic Composition. | show 🗑
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| show | Outer Surface of Calcium is covered with live, microbial plaque.
Organic Composition:
1. necrotic microorganisms
2.desquamated epithelial cells
3. salivary mucin
4. leukocytes
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| show | True
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| show | True.
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| Three Phases of Calculus Formation | show 🗑
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| Pellicle Formation as 1st Stage in Calculus Formation, Describe | show 🗑
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| show | init colonized by dead epithelial cells and streptococcal microorganisms by day 5 – filamentous and fusiform bacteria enter, plaque near the gingival margin thickens & microflora matures -more gram negative anaerobes
plaque extends apically and coronally
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| show | Minerals from Saliva
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| show | minerals from gingival sulcular fluid and inflammatory exudate supply the minerals for subgingival calculus
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| show | calcium and phosphorus
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| show | parotid pyrophosphate
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| Physical Structure of Calculus | show 🗑
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| Types of Calculus Attachment to the Tooth | show 🗑
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| What is the major etiologic factor in the development of gingival and periodontal diseases. | show 🗑
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| show | Pyrophosphates or zinc
(do not affect calculus already formed
no effect on subgingival calculus formation
limited effected with supragingival calculus formation
some patients report dentinal hypersensitivity)
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| show | Calculus
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| Mineralized bacterial plaque | show 🗑
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| Statement: amount of calculus does not determine the degree of periodontal disease | show 🗑
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| Statement: Stain itself is not pathogenic. | show 🗑
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| Statement: Source of Stain is important when determining treatment | show 🗑
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| Extrinsic Stain | show 🗑
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| show | On inside of Tooth
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| show | develops from sources outside the body.. may be extrinsic or intrinsic
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| show | produced within or caused by factors within the body… always intrinsic
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| show | dull, yellowish discoloration of bacterial plaque
most common type of stain
occurs at all ages
most evident with poor POH
similar distribution as plaque
etiology
usually food pigments
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| Most Common Type of Stain | show 🗑
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| show | Extrinsic
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| show | light or yellowish green to very dark green
embedded in plaque
mainly on facial surfaces but may extend to proximal
mainly on maxillary anterior teeth
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| What are the three forms green stain occurs in? | show 🗑
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| Is green stain extrinsic or intrinsic? | show 🗑
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| Green Stain Composed of | show 🗑
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| show | Children
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| Etiology of Green Stain | show 🗑
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| show | don’t scale the area – often demineralization under the stain
light polish, fluoride
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| Other Green Stain | show 🗑
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| show | Extrinsic
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| Black Line Stain. Clinical Features. | show 🗑
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| Black Line Stain. Location | show 🗑
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| Where is black line stain most frequently found? | show 🗑
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| Black Line Stain. Composition and Formation | show 🗑
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| Black Line Stain. Occurence. | show 🗑
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| show | light brown to dark leathery brown or black
diffuse narrow band or wide tar-like bank
incorporated into calculus deposit
heavy deposits can penetrate enamel and become exogenous intrinsic stain
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| show | location
primarily cervical third
any surfaces as well as pits and fissures
most frequently on lingual surfaces
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| show | Tobacco Stain
composition
tar products of combustion
brown pigment from smokeless tobacco
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| show | 1 brown pellicle - stain from food
2 stannous fluoride - result of formation of stannous sulfide or brown tin oxide from reaction of the tin oxide in the Stannous fluoride compound;
3 Foodstuffs - tea, coffee
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| Other Brown Stains 2(besides tobacco) | show 🗑
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| show | Chromogenic bacteria
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| show | Orange and Red Stains
cervical third of teeth
most frequently on facial and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth
rare – red more rare than orange
caused by chromogenic bacteria
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| show | copper or brass- green or bluish-green
iron – brown to greenish brown
nickel – green
cadmium – yellow or golden brown
primarily found on anterior teeth but can occur anywhere
cervical third more commonly affected
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| How do Metallic Salts from Industrial Dust Stain Tooth Surface | show 🗑
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| show | Black or brown
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| What color are the stains from bismuth or Pepto-Bismol | show 🗑
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| show | ingest liquid medication through a straw or use tablet or capsule form
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| show | these stains develop during tooth development and are within the tooth structure
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| show | Endodontically treated teeth (pulpless teeth)
...hemorrhages in pulp chamber result in breakdown of blood and other elements of the pulpal tissue
...pigments from the decomposed hemoglobin and pulp tissue penetrate the dentinal tubules
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| What are the colors endodontically-treated tooth can take on? | show 🗑
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| show | affinity for mineralized tissues – absorbed by the bones and teeth
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| show | .. A child's teeth can be affected if drug is administered to the mother during pregnancy or to the child in infancy or early childhood
..can be transferred through placenta and enter fetal circulation
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| show | ..Light green to dark yellow or grayish brown
..depends on dosage, length of time drug was used and type of tetracycline used
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| What is amelogenesis imperfecta and what are the characteristics? | show 🗑
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| What is dentinogenesis imperfecta and how is it characterized? | show 🗑
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| show | generalized disturbance of ameloblasts
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| What is the color of teeth affected by amelogenesis imperfecta | show 🗑
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| show | ..Endodontically treated teeth
..Use of tetracyclines
..Imperfect tooth development (genetic or environmental)
..
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| Dentinogenesis imperfecta occurs due to | show 🗑
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| Give examples of imperfect tooth development of environmental cause | show 🗑
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| What is enamel hypoplasia | show 🗑
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| Condition caused by too much of systemic fluoride | show 🗑
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| show | caused by a number of environmental factors
poor nutrition
protracted fever
isolated trauma during tooth development
too much systemic fluoride (fluorosis) during tooth development
localized or generalized
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| show | enamel hypocalcification
matter of when disturbance of ameloblast takes place
occurs during maturation stage of enamel development
white spots or flecks on the teeth
same cause as enamel hypoplasia
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| Exogenous Intrinsic Stains from restorative materials such as amalgam occurs due to.. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | False.
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| Dental Stains can be professionally removed through: | show 🗑
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| show | Without definite shape or visible differentiation in structure.
Describing an object that lacks definite visible shape or form
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| show | Amorphous
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| Apatite | show 🗑
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| show | Apatite
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| Calculus | show 🗑
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| show | a microorganism that reacts with the iron in saliva to create a stain on the surface of the teeth. Color of the stain is indicative of the color, or chroma, of the bacteria. E.g., a green stain is caused by bacteria such as Penicillium and Aspergillus.
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| show | Chromogenic
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| show | DC -hard, mnrzd, tenacious mass, forms on the clnc crowns of natural teeth as well as oral restr materials and dental prostheses. C. is actually minrzd bctrl plaque. C. plays an imprtnt role in combntn with the active bact. plaque in the progrssn of PDZs
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| Endogenous | show 🗑
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| show | Endogenous
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| Exogenous | show 🗑
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| show | Exogenous
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| Extrinsic | show 🗑
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| occur on the external surfaces of the tooth – removed by procedures of toothbrushing, scaling and/or polishing | show 🗑
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| show | underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue, usually resulting from the presence of a smaller-than-normal number of cells.
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| show | Hypoplasia
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| show | occur within the tooth substance – cannot be removed by scaling or polishing
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| show | intrinsic
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| show | Intercellular or intermicrobial substance of a tissue, or the tissue from which a structure develops, gains support, and is held together.
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| show | Matrix
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| Mineralization | show 🗑
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| show | Mineralization
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| Nidus | show 🗑
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| show | Nidus
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| Pyrophosphate | show 🗑
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| Inhibitor of calcifictn that occurs in parotid saliva of humans in variable amounts; anticalculus component/active ingredient of mny commerc “tarter-control” dentifrices. compound found in parotid saliva that helps delay calcificatin of bacteria plaque. | show 🗑
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| show | tartar
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| Term tartar was first introduced in... by... | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | False. Extrinsic Stains are Always Exogenous.
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| show | Black Line Stain. Usually occurs in clean mouths.
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| show | usually food pigments
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| What is etiology of the Green Stain | show 🗑
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| Cinical Characteristic: Green Stain is frequently superimposed by... | show 🗑
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| show | True. Green stain can become embedded in enamel, become an exogenous intrinsic stain.
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| The attachment apparatus consists of the | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| Statement: Tetracycline stain is a type of exogenous, intrinsic stain. | show 🗑
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| show | Endogenous Intrinsic Stain.
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| Light calculus formers have higher salivary levels of | show 🗑
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| Black line stain is a "calculus-like" stain and is most often found in patients with good personal oral hygiene | show 🗑
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| show | Extrinsic, endogenous
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| show | Yellow Stain. Food Pigments
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| Enamel hypoplasia represents incomplete formation of the enamel due to a disturbance in ameloblast function during the... | show 🗑
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| A genetic disturbance in ameloblastic activity during tooth formation is termed [a]. This is an [b], [c] type of stain. | show 🗑
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| An environmental disturbance in ameloblastic activity during the apposition and mineralization stages of enamel formation is termed (a). This is an ... type of stain | show 🗑
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| Statement: Tooth Color is determined by the color of the dentin. Enamel is translucent. | show 🗑
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| show | ..highly retentive black or dark brown calculus like stain..forms along ging margin on primary or permanent teeth..more frequently found in females..doesn't cause oral disease.
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| Black Line Stain is not related to poor oral hygiene. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True.
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| show | True.
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| show | Extrinsic stain
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| Subgingival plaque forms from the extension of supragingival plaque | show 🗑
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