Dental Calculus and Stain
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| show | an abnormal accretion (нарастание) or concretion (твердение), composed of mineral salts that may occur in hollow organs or ducts (канал, проток) of the body
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| show | true
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| What causes periodontal infections? | show 🗑
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| Statement: bacterial plaque causes periodontal infections | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | 1. lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth
2. facial surfaces of the maxillary first and second molars
Due to presence of salivary glands in these areas.
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| Supragingival Calculus is also called: | show 🗑
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| show | 1.clinical crown apical to the margin of the gingiva as well as the exposed root surface of the periodontal pocket
2.generalized or localized
3.interproximal areas most prone to this type of calculus
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| Subgingival calculus can also be called | show 🗑
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| show | 1.visual exam with mirror
2.tactile exam (explorer)
3.dehydration with compressed air
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| show | 1.visual exam of gingival tissue
(signs of gingival inflammation)
2.tactile examination
3.radiographs
(must be dense calculus,
usually proximal deposits)
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| supra and subgingival calculus | show 🗑
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| Organic and Inorganic Composition of Calculus | show 🗑
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| show | Calculus: 75-85% inorganic salts
enamel:96% inorganic salts
dentin: 65% inorganic salts
cementum: 45 to 50% inorganic salts
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| show | True
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| show | Subgingival calculus does not develop from the direct extension of supragingival calculus even though subgingival plaque forms from the extension of supragingival plaque
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| show | Yes. It is possible. Subgingival calculus and supragingival calculus mineralize separately. it is possible to have on without the other.
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| show | Inorganic Composition
1.calcium
phosphorus
carbonate
sodium
magnesium
potassium
2. 2/3 of inorganic matter is crystalline
mainly hydroxyapatite
also
3. brushite
whitlocktite
octacalcium phosphate
some fluoride in calculus
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| Organic Composition of Calculus | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Statement: Subgingival plaque is the direct extension of supragingival plaque. | show 🗑
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| Three Phases of Calculus Formation | show 🗑
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| show | Pellicle Formation
composed of salivary mucoproteins or glycoproteins
forms within minutes after soft and hard deposits have been removed from the tooth surface
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| Bacterial Plaque Formation and Maturation as the 2nd Stage in Calculus Formation | show 🗑
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| Mineralization. Minerals derived from where encourage supragingival calculus formation? | show 🗑
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| Mineralization. Minerals derived from where encourage subgingival calculus formation? | show 🗑
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| show | calcium and phosphorus
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| Light calculus formers have higher levels of what? | show 🗑
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| Physical Structure of Calculus | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Pellicle attachment (typ of calculus, enamel/ rec scaled/debr th surfs, eas rem'd)
2. Mech-cal locking (restor/ surface irregulrts in cementum/enamel, more diff to rem)
3. Cemental Attachment (minerals of calculus interlckd w/srfce strctre of cementu
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| show | Microbial Plaque
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| show | Pyrophosphates or zinc
(do not affect calculus already formed
no effect on subgingival calculus formation
limited effected with supragingival calculus formation
some patients report dentinal hypersensitivity)
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| show | Calculus
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| Mineralized bacterial plaque | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Statement: Stain itself is not pathogenic. | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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| show | On outside of tooth
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| show | On inside of Tooth
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| show | develops from sources outside the body.. may be extrinsic or intrinsic
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| Stain Source: Endogenous | show 🗑
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| show | dull, yellowish discoloration of bacterial plaque
most common type of stain
occurs at all ages
most evident with poor POH
similar distribution as plaque
etiology
usually food pigments
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| show | Yellow Stain
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| show | Extrinsic
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| Green Stain Characteristics | show 🗑
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| show | small curved line following gingival margin on facial 1/3
smeared irregularly on facial surfaces
streaked – following grooves or lines in enamel
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| Is green stain extrinsic or intrinsic? | show 🗑
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| Green Stain Composed of | show 🗑
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| show | Children
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| Etiology of Green Stain | show 🗑
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| Clinical Approach to Green Stain | show 🗑
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| show | Other green stain
chlorophyll preparations (ex: Clorets)
metallic dust
drugs (ex: marijuana leaves a grayish green stain
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| Black Line Stain Extrinsic or Intrinsic | show 🗑
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| show | cntnus unintrrptd fine line 1mmw no thcknss band may be wider in severe cases fllws ging margin apr 1mm above crest,apprs black in base of pits,fissures,hvy deposits may be dtct'd w/expl,gingiva firm w/no bleeding in clean mouths w/tendency to fwr caries
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| show | facial and lingual surfaces of teeth except rarely found on facial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth
most frequently
lingual and proximal surfaces of maxillary posterior teeth
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| show | lingual and proximal surfaces of maxillary posterior teeth
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| show | composition and formation
1. iron compounds in saliva or gingival crevicular fluid become embedded in the dental pellicle, plaque and/or plaque bacteria
2. stain is a ferric sulfide compound
3. tends to recur despite meticulous plaque control
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| show | 1. All ages, more common in childhood
2. More common in females
3. frequently found in clean mouths
4. tends to recur despite meticulous plaque control
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| show | light brown to dark leathery brown or black
diffuse narrow band or wide tar-like bank
incorporated into calculus deposit
heavy deposits can penetrate enamel and become exogenous intrinsic stain
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| Location of Tobacco Stain | show 🗑
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| Composition of Tobacco Stain | show 🗑
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| Other Brown Stains 1(besides tobacco) | show 🗑
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| show | 4 Anti-microbial agents
Chlorhexidine - Rx antimicrobial mouth rinse, causes brown staining esp on exposed root surfaces; consid a signf side effect of med
5 Betel Leaf
betel leaf chew. cmmn East cntrs, caries inh effct,dark mahogany/blck stain, scali
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| What bacteria cause red and orange stains | show 🗑
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| Orange and Red Stains Clinical Characteristics | show 🗑
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| show | copper or brass- green or bluish-green
iron – brown to greenish brown
nickel – green
cadmium – yellow or golden brown
primarily found on anterior teeth but can occur anywhere
cervical third more commonly affected
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| show | how?
worker inhales dust bringing metallic substance in contact with teeth
metal gives color to plaque
may penetrate tooth and become exogenous intrinsic stain
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| show | Black or brown
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| show | Black or brown
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| show | ingest liquid medication through a straw or use tablet or capsule form
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| show | these stains develop during tooth development and are within the tooth structure
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| What are the reasons endodontically treated teeth discolor? | show 🗑
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| What are the colors endodontically-treated tooth can take on? | show 🗑
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| show | affinity for mineralized tissues – absorbed by the bones and teeth
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| Why is tetracycline not recommended to pregnant women? | show 🗑
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| What is the color of teeth affected by tetracycline and what does it depend on? | show 🗑
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| show | Imperfect Tooth Development – Hereditary
amelogenesis imperfecta
enamel partially or completely missing
due to generalized disturbance of ameloblasts
teeth are yellowish-brown or gray
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| show | dentinogenesis imperfecta
“opalescent” dentin
abnormal dentin because of generalized disturbance of odontoblasts (dentin producing cells)
teeth appear translucent or opalescent
vary in color from gray to brown
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| Amelogenesis imperfecta occurs due to | show 🗑
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| What is the color of teeth affected by amelogenesis imperfecta | show 🗑
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| show | ..Endodontically treated teeth
..Use of tetracyclines
..Imperfect tooth development (genetic or environmental)
..
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| show | generalized disturbance of odontoblasts (dentin producing cells)
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| Give examples of imperfect tooth development of environmental cause | show 🗑
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| show | incomplete formation of enamel due to disruption of ameloblastic activity during the apposition and mineralization stages of enamel formation
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| show | Fluorosis
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| Enamel hypoplasia caused by the following factors: | show 🗑
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| What is enamel hypocalcification | show 🗑
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| Exogenous Intrinsic Stains from restorative materials such as amalgam occurs due to.. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Statement: it is important to avoid tetracycline during pregnancy and through age 12 | show 🗑
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| show | False.
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| show | polishing
abrasives
use of curets
air polishing with sodium bicarbonate
dental whitening
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| Amorphous | show 🗑
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| show | Amorphous
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| show | Crystaline mineral component of bones and teeth that contains calcium and phosphate.
an inorganic mineral composed of calcium and phosphate that is found in the bones and teeth
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| show | Apatite
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| show | The term calculus (biological stone or tartar) means an abnormal accretion or concretion composed of mineral salts that may occur in hollow organs or ducts of the
body. Examples are gallstones
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| Chromogenic | show 🗑
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| show | Chromogenic
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| Dental Calculus | show 🗑
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| Endogenous | show 🗑
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| develop or originate from inside the tooth | show 🗑
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| show | develop or originate from sources outside the tooth
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| develop or originate from sources outside the tooth | show 🗑
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| Extrinsic | show 🗑
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| occur on the external surfaces of the tooth – removed by procedures of toothbrushing, scaling and/or polishing | show 🗑
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| Hypoplasia | show 🗑
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| underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue, usually resulting from the presence of a smaller-than-normal number of cells. | show 🗑
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| show | occur within the tooth substance – cannot be removed by scaling or polishing
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| occur within the tooth substance – cannot be removed by scaling or polishing | show 🗑
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| Matrix | show 🗑
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| show | Matrix
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| Mineralization | show 🗑
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| Addition of mineral elements, such as calcium and phosphorus, to the body or a part thereof with resulting hardening of the tissue. | show 🗑
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| show | Nucleus; focus; point of origin.
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| show | Nidus
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| Pyrophosphate | show 🗑
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| Inhibitor of calcifictn that occurs in parotid saliva of humans in variable amounts; anticalculus component/active ingredient of mny commerc “tarter-control” dentifrices. compound found in parotid saliva that helps delay calcificatin of bacteria plaque. | show 🗑
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| Lay term for calculus | show 🗑
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| Term tartar was first introduced in... by... | show 🗑
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| Extrinsic Stains Are Always Exogenous | show 🗑
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| Extrinsic Stains can be of endogenous origin. | show 🗑
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| What type of stain is more common in females? | show 🗑
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| What is the etiology of the yellow stain? | show 🗑
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| What is etiology of the Green Stain | show 🗑
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| Cinical Characteristic: Green Stain is frequently superimposed by... | show 🗑
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| Statement. Green stain can become an exogenous intrinsic stain | show 🗑
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| show | periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum
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| Statement: Exogenous stains originate outside of the tooth. | show 🗑
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| Statement: Endogenous stains originate outside of the tooth. | show 🗑
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| Statement: Tetracycline stain is a type of exogenous, intrinsic stain. | show 🗑
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| show | Endogenous Intrinsic Stain.
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| Light calculus formers have higher salivary levels of | show 🗑
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| Black line stain is a "calculus-like" stain and is most often found in patients with good personal oral hygiene | show 🗑
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| show | Extrinsic, endogenous
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| show | Yellow Stain. Food Pigments
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| show | during the pre-eruptive apposition and mineralization stages of tooth development
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| A genetic disturbance in ameloblastic activity during tooth formation is termed [a]. This is an [b], [c] type of stain. | show 🗑
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| show | Enamel hypoplasia. Endogenous Intrinsic Stain.
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| show | True
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| show | ..highly retentive black or dark brown calculus like stain..forms along ging margin on primary or permanent teeth..more frequently found in females..doesn't cause oral disease.
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| show | True.
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| show | True.
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| What type of stain is black line stain | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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