PS for chapter 12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| volume for a solid | has a definite volume
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| volume for a liquid | has a definite volume
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| density and incompressibility fo r a solid | usually solid are the most dense phase of matter, usually less compressibile then liquids or gasses
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| density and incompressibility for a liquid | usually more dense than gasses and less dense than solids. less ocmpressible than gases
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| rate of diffusion for solids | very slow
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| rate of diffusion for liquids | faster than solids slower than gasses
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| surface tension | a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquids surface together, thereby decreasing the suraface area to the smallest possible size. Resultsf from the IMFs between particles of a liquid
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| capillary action | the attraction of the surafce of a liquid to the surface of a solid. this process continues until thw weight of the liquid balances the gravitational force
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| viscosity | a measure of resistance of fluids to flow
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| types of solid | crystalline solid and amorphous soid
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| crydtalline solid consists of | crystals. crystals are particles that are arranged in ny orderly, geometric, repeating pattern. e.g. MgCl2
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| melting point for a crystalline solid | is a definite value
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| amorphous solid particles are | arranged randomly E.g. glass, plastic
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| melting point for an amorphous solid | do not have a definite value, but a range
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| types of liquids include | volatile liequids and nonvolatile liquids
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| volatile liequids are liquids that | evaporate readily and have realtively weak intermolecular forces E.g. etherm acetibem ir Br2
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| nonvolatile liquids are liquids that | evaporate slowly and have relatively strong IMFS
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| equilibrium is | a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
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| chemical equilibrium | a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of its reverse reaction and the concentrations of its prodict and reactants remain unchanged
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| le chatelier's principle | when a system at equilibrium is distributed by application of a stress, it attains a new equilibrium position that minimizes the stress
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| if temperature increases in an endothermic reaction | it shifts toward products
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| if temperature increases in an exothermic reaction | it shifts towards reactants
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| the temperature decreases in an endothermic reaction | it shifts toward reactants
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| decrease in tempearture in an exothermic reaction | shifts toward products
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| endothermic reaction | a reaction in which heat energy is absorbed
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| exothermic reaction | a reaction in which heat energy is released
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| increase in reactant | shifts toward products
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| increase product | shift toward reactants
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| decrease reactant | shift toward reactants
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| decrease product | shifts toward products
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| if the substance is solid or liquid and increase eracant | no change will occur
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| increase pressure will lead to | decrease volume and shift toward side with fewer moles of gas
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| decrease pressure will lead to | increase volume and shift toward side and more moles of gas
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| phase | any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties. also known as a state of matter
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| melting | the phsycical cahnge of a soid to a liquid by ther addition fo heat
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| freezing/fusion.soldification | the physil cahgne of a qliuid to a solid by the removal of heat
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| sublimation | a change of state from a solid directly to a gas
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| deposition | the change of state from a gas directly to a solid
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| condensation | the process by whihc particles escape from the surace of a nonboiling liquid and enter a gas phase
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| boiling | conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as welkl as its surface
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| vaporization | process by which a solid or liquid changes to a gas
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| molar heat of fusion | the amount of heat energy reqyuuierd to melt one mole of solid at its melting point
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| molar heat of fusion for water | 6.009 KF/mol
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| molar heat of vaporization | the amount of heat energy requierd to vaporize one mole of a liquid at its boiling point
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| mole hjeat of vaporization for wawa | 40.79 KJ/mol
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| heating curve | temp v. time, noc ange in temp during a phase change: solid, liquid, gas
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| cooling curve | time v temp, gas liquid solid
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| phase diagrams | a graph of pressure versuss temp that shows the conditions under which the phases of as ubstance exist
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| triple point | the temperatuer and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid and vapor of a substance can coexist at equilibrium
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| critical point | indicates the critical temperatuer and critical pressure of a substance; the point after which a substance must be a gas (can no longer exist as a liquid)
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| nbp, nmp are at | 1 atm
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