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PS chapter 12
PS for chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| volume for a solid | has a definite volume |
| volume for a liquid | has a definite volume |
| density and incompressibility fo r a solid | usually solid are the most dense phase of matter, usually less compressibile then liquids or gasses |
| density and incompressibility for a liquid | usually more dense than gasses and less dense than solids. less ocmpressible than gases |
| rate of diffusion for solids | very slow |
| rate of diffusion for liquids | faster than solids slower than gasses |
| surface tension | a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquids surface together, thereby decreasing the suraface area to the smallest possible size. Resultsf from the IMFs between particles of a liquid |
| capillary action | the attraction of the surafce of a liquid to the surface of a solid. this process continues until thw weight of the liquid balances the gravitational force |
| viscosity | a measure of resistance of fluids to flow |
| types of solid | crystalline solid and amorphous soid |
| crydtalline solid consists of | crystals. crystals are particles that are arranged in ny orderly, geometric, repeating pattern. e.g. MgCl2 |
| melting point for a crystalline solid | is a definite value |
| amorphous solid particles are | arranged randomly E.g. glass, plastic |
| melting point for an amorphous solid | do not have a definite value, but a range |
| types of liquids include | volatile liequids and nonvolatile liquids |
| volatile liequids are liquids that | evaporate readily and have realtively weak intermolecular forces E.g. etherm acetibem ir Br2 |
| nonvolatile liquids are liquids that | evaporate slowly and have relatively strong IMFS |
| equilibrium is | a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system |
| chemical equilibrium | a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of its reverse reaction and the concentrations of its prodict and reactants remain unchanged |
| le chatelier's principle | when a system at equilibrium is distributed by application of a stress, it attains a new equilibrium position that minimizes the stress |
| if temperature increases in an endothermic reaction | it shifts toward products |
| if temperature increases in an exothermic reaction | it shifts towards reactants |
| the temperature decreases in an endothermic reaction | it shifts toward reactants |
| decrease in tempearture in an exothermic reaction | shifts toward products |
| endothermic reaction | a reaction in which heat energy is absorbed |
| exothermic reaction | a reaction in which heat energy is released |
| increase in reactant | shifts toward products |
| increase product | shift toward reactants |
| decrease reactant | shift toward reactants |
| decrease product | shifts toward products |
| if the substance is solid or liquid and increase eracant | no change will occur |
| increase pressure will lead to | decrease volume and shift toward side with fewer moles of gas |
| decrease pressure will lead to | increase volume and shift toward side and more moles of gas |
| phase | any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties. also known as a state of matter |
| melting | the phsycical cahnge of a soid to a liquid by ther addition fo heat |
| freezing/fusion.soldification | the physil cahgne of a qliuid to a solid by the removal of heat |
| sublimation | a change of state from a solid directly to a gas |
| deposition | the change of state from a gas directly to a solid |
| condensation | the process by whihc particles escape from the surace of a nonboiling liquid and enter a gas phase |
| boiling | conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as welkl as its surface |
| vaporization | process by which a solid or liquid changes to a gas |
| molar heat of fusion | the amount of heat energy reqyuuierd to melt one mole of solid at its melting point |
| molar heat of fusion for water | 6.009 KF/mol |
| molar heat of vaporization | the amount of heat energy requierd to vaporize one mole of a liquid at its boiling point |
| mole hjeat of vaporization for wawa | 40.79 KJ/mol |
| heating curve | temp v. time, noc ange in temp during a phase change: solid, liquid, gas |
| cooling curve | time v temp, gas liquid solid |
| phase diagrams | a graph of pressure versuss temp that shows the conditions under which the phases of as ubstance exist |
| triple point | the temperatuer and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid and vapor of a substance can coexist at equilibrium |
| critical point | indicates the critical temperatuer and critical pressure of a substance; the point after which a substance must be a gas (can no longer exist as a liquid) |
| nbp, nmp are at | 1 atm |
Created by:
lilee256
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