Psychology of human development
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| what is the apgar scale | Dr. Virginia Apgar system to help obstericians from having to call the peditrition it is a scale 1-5
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| what is the average scale on the apgar for a 5 minuet old baby | 9-10
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| what does an 8-10 on the Apgar scale mean | there is no need for special attention
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| what does an 4-7 on the Apgar scale mean | immediate special medical attention required
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| on the Apgar scale what do doctors look for | 1, heart rate, 2 efforts to breath, 3 muscle tone, 4 skin color, 5 reflex irritability
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| what does an 0-3 mean on the Apgar scale | serious medical risk, with survival at stake and need for immediate intensive care, however given the right treatments most children will survive
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| what are some charactistics of babies when they are just born | skin color is slightly red and their heads are elongated
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| how much dose the average baby weigh, and how long are they | 7.5 pounds and 20 inches long
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| why are babies at risk of loosing body heat | because their length to weight ratio is largly different they are longer than they weigh
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| how is the babies appearenc different from an adult | babies stomachs jut our more than their chests, and the cephalocaudal pattern of delopment makes their heads about 25% larger
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| babies by about four to five months almost double their weight | because they drink about one quart of breat milk, per day and with ratio of body to amount of food that is about 20 quarts or five gallons of milk for an adult
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| why are babies attractive to adults? | their facial fetures are all larger causing more of an arousal to adults
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| sleep patterns of an infant | they sleep about 16 hours a day however these 16 hours are not consecutive infants also have more rem sleep than adults
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| at what point in the infants life will they most likely sleep throught the night | around 3 months
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| at what point is brain development very important | from weeks three through five and during the last trimester of pregnancy
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| what causes the brain weight after birth and at what point is the most development occur | the brain increases in weight because increased density of of connections among neurons and encasing neurons in myelin also the brain develops most rapidly in the first twelve months after birth
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| what are neuron cells | they recieve and transimt information via electrochemical means
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| what are glial cells | they make a fatty sheath called myelin that is uesed to surround some of the neurons
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| what are the two functions of myelin | increases the speed of information down the neuron, and insulates teh trnasmission so that it stays strong
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| what is the CNS and the PNS | CNS is the brain and spinal cord, and PNS all nerves outside the CNS
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| what is the division of the brain | the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain,
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| subsections of the hindbrain | meddulla the pons and the cerbellum
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| what is the function of the meddulla and pons | control involuntary vital functions such as breathing heart rate vomiting salivation coughing and sneezing
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| what is the function of the cerbellum | it plays a roll in controlling movements as well as language acquistition and at least one aspect of verbal memory
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| what is the function of the midbrain | regulation of automatic non voluntary functions such as level of arousal and pupil constriction
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| what is the function of the forebrain | which includes the cerebral cortex, sensations are interpreted, voluntary movements are initaited, and higher mental processes such as language generatation and understaning planning and representational thinking
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| when does the activity of the forbrain begin to show | around seven to eight months
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| what is the plasticity of the brain | is the ability for the brain to go back to how it was before injury and the younger the brain the better the plasticity
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| what is neural pruning | until about twelve years of age the brain has more neuron than it needs and the brain kills of what it does not need
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| some examples of nueual prunning are | depth perception does not develop properly after about age six, and infants speach will become more clear around 12 months becuase of the pruning off of neurons that are blocking it
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| Babies vision? | is significanly less than that of andult and is until around 48months
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| Infants hearing? | detects counds if moderately loud and can hear a higher pitch better than lower pitch
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| Babies taste? | is hard to study however they believe they like sweets, (full of calories)
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| olfaction in babies? | is hard to study but within one week the child like the smell of breast milk better than amonia
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| touch in babies | is very important to both the baby and the cargiver`
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| pain in babies | a baby can feel pain at the twentieth week of gestation at birth they do not feel to much pain however within a few days they can feel a lot more
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| what are the two types of reflexes | survival and primitive
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| what are the two types of survival reflexes | rooting and sucking reflex
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| what is rooting reflex | when the baby's cheek comes in contact with the breast or anything he turns his head in the direction of the cheek that was touched facilitating eating
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| what is sucking reflex | the baby automatically sucks on anything that enters her mouth
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| what are the primitve reflexes | grasping, moro, and babinski, which all faid away by 12 months of age
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| what is grasping reflex | curling fingers around any small object put in the infant's palm this disappears by three months
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| what is Moro reflex | reflixeive startle in response to a sudden loud noise or sudden loss of support; this disappears by six months
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| what is babinski reflex | when the bottom of the infant's foot is stroked, her toes fan and hten curl. this disappears by eight to twelve months
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| what are the types of motor skills | fine moter, and gross motor
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| what is fine motor skills` | voluntary movement of any group of small muscles, but especially the muscles of the fingers
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| what is gross motor skills | voluntary movement of any large group of muscles such as those of the arms, legs, or torso
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| what are the motor stages of a baby | 1, month lift head 2, months push chest up with assistance 3, months roll form stomach, 4, months pull up with assistance 5, months remain sitting without assitance 7, months sit up without assistance 8, months pull self up to stand 9, months walk
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| what is very important about nutrition | making sure you eat right and take care of the baby so that they have a healthy brain
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| why is breast feeding so important | it is overall healthier for the baby and mother it helps in the bonding of the two as well as nutrition
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| what is failure to thrive FTT | when there is no physical cause is iedentified but the baby is less than the average 20 inches at birth
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| what does small for date mean | if the child is 5.5 or less when born they are concidered to small
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| what is infant morality | is the percentage of babies born alive who die before their first birthday
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| what is the leading cause in infant death | Sudden infant death SID or crib death
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