Peace & Social Justice exam 1
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| Suicide, terrorism and Islam | Pape's data shows that there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islam. Leading instigators of suicide attacks are from the secular point of view. ex. Remove military from homeland.
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| Best practices for negotiation | principled negotiation: Deciding the issues on their merits. Three criteria-should produce a wise agreement, be efficient, and should improve the relationship.
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| 1st Cause of 1991 Gulf War | The role of Leaders: Hussein invades defenseless neighbor to enhance political prestige. George Bush Sr. needed to look stronger for upcoming election.
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| 2nd Cause of 1991 Gulf War | Economic Factors: Iraq sought to gain economic benefits that would come from capturing Kuwaiti oil fields. United States economic dependence on middle eastern oil made it willing to "trade blood for oil."
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| 3rd Cause of 1991 Gulf War | psychological decision-making factors: Hussein misunderstood the position of the united states when it was mentioned that Iraq's border dispute with Kuwait was an Iraqi-Kuwaiti matter. America's fears reports of Iraqi brutality
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| 4th Cause of 1991 Gulf war | Historical Factors: British colonialism withdrawal from the area caused an artificial border.
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| 5th Cause of 1991 Gulf War | The military industrial complex: U.S. military wanted to test an array of newly developed weapons and also to demonstrate its importance since the ending of the cold war.
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| 6th Cause of 1991 Gulf War | International politics: Iraq's invasion was a clear invasion of international law.
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| Gandi's understanding of nonviolence | Passive resistance is a method of securing rights by personal suffering; it is the reverse of resistance by arms. Nonviolence in its dynamic condition means conscious suffering. Putting one's whole soul against the will of the tyrant.
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| Just War Theory | Just war is the name of a tradition that believes that war is permissible but only if it satisfies a set of moral or legal rules
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| Examples of Just War | Just cause-innocent life must be in imminent danger.Last resort-all nonviolent alternatives must fail. Announcement of intention-commander in chief. Just means. Just cost-environmental damage. Just intention-intent to restore peace. Just authority.
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| Why is nonviolent civil disobedience needed? | Nonviolent direct action seeks to create a crisis and foster a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue.
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| Faulk's Human rights categories with explanations | Basic human needs: the rights to housing food,education & health. Basic decencies: protected against harsh mistreatment. Participatory rights: that control their lives, political leaders, jobs, & residence. Security rights: physical well-being & survival
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| Negative Peace | Negative peace refers to the absence of violence. When, for example, a ceasefire is enacted, a negative peace will ensue. It is negative because something undesirable stopped happening (e.g. the violence stopped, the oppression ended).
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| Positive Peace | Positive peace is filled with positive content such as restoration of relationships, the creation of social systems that serve the needs of the whole population and the constructive resolution of conflict.
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| Negative peace Strategies | negotiating soft and hard, Disarmament proposals, International law customs treaties, and courts. United Nations conflict solutions associative and dis associative.
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| Associative conflict solutions | involve tearing down walls and joining together. Include height-ed reliance on international law.
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| Dis-associative conflict solutions | relies on military strength and political separation.
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| Positive Peace Strategies | Prevention of war, minimization of violence.
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| Negative Rights | is a right, either moral or decreed by law, to not be subject to an action of another so that restraint is incumbent upon another
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| Positive Rights | is a right, either moral or decreed by law, to be provided with something so that it is incumbent upon another to act. The right to an education.
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| Ahimsa | doctrine expressing belief in the sacredness of all living creatures and urging the avoidance of harm and violence.
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| Liberation theology | school of theology, especially prevalent in the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America, that finds in the Gospel a call to free people from political, social, and material oppression.
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| Satyagraha | Satyagraha seeks to conquer through submission. It involves refusing to submit to or cooperate with anything perceived as wrong, while adhering to the principle of nonviolence.
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| GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction.
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| 6 causes for 1991 Gulf War R.E.P.H.M.I | The role of Leaders, Economic Factors, Psychological Decision-Making Factors, Historical Factors, The military industrial complex, International politics.
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| 7 examples of just war theory C.L.A.M.C.I.A | Just cause, Last resort, Announcement of intention, Just means, Just cost, and Just intention, & Just authority
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| Thich Nhat Hanh nonviolence practice | Everything has a relationship with itself nothing is an individual. Nonviolence is to be mindfully engaged with life's interconnection. In Buddhism the mind is the root of everything else.
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| Dr. King's Principle and practice | injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Nonviolent direct action by indirectly bringing tension to the current situation.
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| Gandhi's principle and practice | the first condition of nonviolence is justice all around in every department of life nonviolence is needed for the protection of one's honor. Passive resistance is a method of securing rights by personal suffering.
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| Barash human rights approach to foreign policy | Political philosophy of human rights: Liberalism, Conservatism, Group-oriented Philosophies (Marxist and nationalist)
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| Richard Faulk rights approach to foreign policy H.D.P.S. | Basic human needs, Basic decencies, participatory rights, and security rights.
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| Papes rights approach to foreign policy | Subtle diplomacy, Public statements, Symbolic acts, Cultural Penalties, Economic penalties, Immigration, Legal approaches, Multilateral approaches, destabilization and belligerecy,
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