chapter 1 part 4
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| in the pharmaceutical care era, community pharm]s is where | the patient focus in hospitals moved to
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| pharmacists today monitor | drugs & and they counsel patients
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| today, the lost art since the traditional era is | the compounding and mixing pharmacists were known for
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| today the pharmacists education makes them | responsible & liable of patient's health
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| the pharmacists duties are | getting med. info from patients, checking age appropriate dosages, discussing side effects, & identifying drug interactions
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| screening illnesses for safe meds, recommending otc's & supplements after checking medical history, & providing info for doctors is | also the duties of a pharmacist
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| giving info on supplies & equipment, monitoring drug response & narcotic uses, & giving high risk adults vaccines | are other pharmacists duties
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| specific diseases & illnesses | are what pharmacists today also screen for and educate patients are
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| pharmacists are trained to encourage | ciggarette quitting & better health activities
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| independent pharmacists who are also business entrepreneurs must | hire & supervise, evaluate insurance contracts, reconcil unpaid insurance claims, maintain inventory, sell other types of items not health-related, & manage retail
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| in university hospitals, advanced pharmacists in specific departments (pediatrics, internal meds, nutrition, etc.) | accompany physicians on morning rounds & share drug info
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| reccomending formulary changes & developing policies/procedures, monitoring drug uses, ect. | are duties of hospital pharmacists
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| home healthcare longterm pharmacists | review drug regimens of residents reporting drug irregularities, monitoring pharmaceutical repackaging/storing, checking expired dates, reporting errors, informing residents/caregivers on drug therapy, & giving info to outpatients/residents on leave
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| on a monthly basis, pharmacists should | check patient's drug profile
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| the american society of consultant pharmacists (a.s.c.p) is | an organization for "geriatric" consultants
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| hmo advanced pharmacists work closely with | primary-care physicans
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| community pharmacists may prepare meds for | nursing homes & home health are facilities
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| hospital pharmacists may continue to monitor | drugs of discharged patients
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| in the early 1800's, philadelphia's college of pharm] was the 1st school to offer | materia medica courses, pharm] courses, pharmaceutical chemistry courses, & grant diplomas
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| landgrant universities (starting with u of m) in 1868, offered | formal education & degree programs
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| in the late 1800's, the american pharmaceutical assoc. encouraged | exams & licensing by state
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| in 1920, formal education was | required to take an exam
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| before 1920, applicants completed 3-4 yrs. of | apprenticeship to take a pharmacists exam
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| the doctor of pharmacists is now a | 6yr. program from all colleges
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| most colleges offer pharmD in 2 yrs. with | calculus, chemistry, physics, microbiology, & biology
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| many colleges require the pharm] college admissions test (pcat)to | be taken & most require interviews
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| pharmacy school applicants have gpa's of | 3.5-4.0 & experience in community service
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| pharmacists vow t serve all, to make human needs & relief of suffering 1st inline, to put all that they've learned into | their service, to update their knowledge, to maintain principals, to accept pharm. changes, & are willing to make good on vows
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| practice internship time in community & hospital pharm]s is | interspersed through pharm] school
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| the last pharm] school years are spent in | hospitals, clinics, commuity pharm]s, home health care & nursing homes
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| the pharmacist's oath is spoken | at the time of graduation
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| pharmacists license involves | accredited pharm] college graduation, passing state board certification test, & internship during/after pharm] school
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| to renew license in most states, pharmacists must | meet continueing education requirements
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| most states have reciprocal agreements recognizing | licenses granted to pharmacists
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| state pharm] board carries out | licensing and professional oversight in each state
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| techs originally started out as | medics in the military & returned home to work their experience in hospitals
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| in hospitals, techs did | systems in drug delivery & they compounded
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| techs overtime have merged from | clerks/cashiers to pharm] assistants in community pharm]s
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| techs were recognized as | a catagory in the early 1800s
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| techs used to be apprentices without | formal education
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| only the pharmacists can | discuss rx changes with doctors or nurses
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| tech functions are within | the boundaries of written guidelines
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| a paraprofessional is a | professional's skilled assistant
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| techs in longterm care facilities may | maintain records, retrieve patient charts, & organize them for the pharmacists
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| techs in longterm care facilities may also | repackage drugs in unit doses labeled for patients
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| the american pharmaceutical associatio (APhA) supports | state tech regulations by registration or licensure
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| most state boards regulate | activities & ratios of techs to pharmacists
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| the tech training programs that are in many pharm] fields today | started in the hospital settings
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| the american society of health system pharmacists (ashp) | developed a model curriculum to guide techs
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| academic-based tech programs vary | in curriculum & length
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| techs must be | certified in some states
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| some pharm] employees want techs to pay for | certification exams & award passers with increased salary
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| techs need additional training and certification for | sterile & non-sterile compounding & nuclear pharm] work
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| the professional compounding centers of america provide | didactic courses & labs teaching latest innovations
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| the didactic courses & labs teaching techs the latest innovations in | compounding unique dosage forms are mostly in hospitals & community pharm]
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| techs must do 300 hrs. of online self-study & supervised instruction as well as | training as a preceptor with a nuclear pharmacist in order to get a certificate for nuclear pharm] tech (NPT)
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| techs are required to attend seminars to stay | current for continuing certification/licesure in many states
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| a code of ethics for techs is | an aspect of the profession
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