Microbiology 2
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| Abscess | A localized infection characterized by a collection of pus in any part of the body that results from disinegration or displacement of tissue.
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| Aerotolerant organisms | Can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
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| AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) | An infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which the virus destroys the immune system and leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and malignancies.
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| Alcohols | Widely used disinfectants that control microbial growth by denaturing proteins and by dissolving lipids in the cell membrane of microorganisms.
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| Aldehydes | Group of organic compunds that control microbial growth by reacting with the proteins in microorganisms and altering their chemical structure.
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| Amphitrichous | Bacterium has one flagellum at either end of its cell
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| Antibodies | Glycoprotein substances developed in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen; also known as immunoglobulins.
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| Antigen | A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it.
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| Antisepsis | The process by which microbial growth is inhibited on living tissue to prevent infection. Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue.
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| Artificial active immunity | The result of a vaccination
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| Artificial passive immunity | The result of the injection of antibodies in the form of immune serums.
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| Aspergillus fumigatus | Causative agent of aspergillosis
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| Attenuation | Dilution or weakening of the virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity.
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| Bacillus Anthracis | Causative agent of anthrax.
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| Bacillus Anthracis | Causative agent of anthrax.
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| Bacteremia | The presence of bacteria in the blood.
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| Bactericidal | Treatment of a bacterium which ends in killing the organism.
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| Bactericides | Kills bacteria but not necessarily their spores.
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| Bacteriostatic | Treatment of a bacterium which hinders the organism's ability to grow without necessarily killing it.
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| Benzalkonium Chloride | A topical antiseptic used on the skin before surgery, in nasal sprays, and as a preservative in eye drops.
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| Biological Vectors | An arthropod vector in which the disease
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| Bordetella Pertussis | Causative agent of whooping cough.
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| Borrelia burgdorferi | Causative agent of Lyme disease.
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| Botox | A derivative of the botulin toxin produced C. botulinum. Injected directly into facial lines or other muscles (cramps), where it causes the muscles to relax. Gives relief for months.
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| Buboes | An inflamed, swollen, or enlarged lymph mode exhibiting suppuration, occurring commonly after infective disease due to absorption of infected material.
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| Campylobacter jejuni | Causative agent of intestinal ulcers.
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| Candida albicans | Causative agent of candidiasis
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| Candida albicans | yeast infection
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| Carbolic Acid | Joseph Lister (1827
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| Carbuncle | Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue
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| Carolus Linnaeus | Author of Systema Nature in 1735
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| Chlamydia | Bacteria that grow only intracellularly
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| Chlamydia pneumoniae | Causative agent of chlamydial pneumonia
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| Chlamydia psittaci | Causative agent of trachoma of the eye and causative agent of parrot fever.
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| Chlamydia trachomatis | Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), also known as nonspecific urethritis (NSU), refers to any inflammation of the urethra not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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| Chlorine | Disinfects water supply, sewage, pools, bedpans, toilets, and floors.
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| Clostridium botulinum | Causative agent of botulism.
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| Clostridium perfringens | This enzyme breaks down red blood cells and induces some of the symptoms of gas gangrene. Tissue gas
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| Clostridium tetani | The bacterium that causes tetanus (lockjaw).
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| Coagulase | A bacterial enzyme that causes blood to clot by converting fibrinogen into fibrin.
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| Coccidioides immitis | Causative agent of coccidiodomycosis
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| Coccidioidmycosis | Causative agent,the fungus Coccidioides immitis. Endemic to the hot, dry, dusty areas of the Western Hemisphere.
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| Common Cold | More than 200 different viruses are known to cause the symptoms of this disease
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| Communicable diseases | Those diseases that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from on individual to another.
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| Congenital rubella syndrome | A form of birth defect that occurs when the mother becomes infected with the rubella virus in her first trimester
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| Contamination | The act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or substance.
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| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Causative agent of diphtheria.
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| Coxiella Burnetii | Causative agent of Q fever.
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| Cremation | Human remains are placed in a retort, and a temperature of about 1600 degrees F (871 degrees C) is maintained until the remains have undergone complete combustion.
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| Cresols | Commonly used in mortuary disinfectants because they work well in the presence of other organic compounds.
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| Creutzfeldt | Jakob disease (CJD)
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| Cryptococcus neoformans | Causative agent of fungal meningitis
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| Cryptosporidium parvum | Causative agent of cryptosporidiosis
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| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Incusion disease; Contact with body secreations such as saliva, urine, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk; Fetal birth defects; in adults symptoms sometimes include prolonged fever and mild hepatitis
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| Decimal reduction time | Time in minutes it takes to kill 90% of the present microorganisms.
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| dermatophytes | A wide variety of fungi that can infect the integumentary system
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| Dermatropic Diseases | Viral infections of the skin
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| Dimorphic | Fungi that alternate between unicellular and multicellular forms
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| Disinfection | The destruction of vegetative pathogens by chemical or physical means by applying the disinfectant to an inanimate object.
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| Domain Eukaryota | Kingdom Protista; Kingdom Fungi; Kingdom Animalia; Kingdom Plantae
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| Drug | fast
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| Dry heat | Kills microorganisms by coagulating the proteins they contain and breaking hydrogen bonds within the microorganisms.
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| Ebola virus | Causative agent of Ebola hemmorrhagic fever; Body fluid contact; Acute fever, headache, arthritis, muscle pain, sore throat, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, rash, red eyes, hiccups, internal and external bleeding
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| Embalming | Process of chemically treating the dead human body to temporarily disinfect, preserve, and restore an acceptable physical appearance.
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| Encephalitis | Inflamation of the brain
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| Encephalitis virus | Encephalitis; Mosquito bite; Chills, fever, headache, confusion, coma
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| Endemic diseases | Occuring continuously in a particular region but usually have a low mortality.
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| Endemic typhus | Unlike other rickettsial infections, no rash is present in this disease
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| Endocytic | The ability of a cell to take in substances from its environment
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| Endogenous infections | Infections caused by bacteria that are normally nonpathogenic and that normally inhabit the digestive tract.
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| Endospore | A thick
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| Endotoxin | Bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down; found only in gram negative bacteria.
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| Entamoeba histolytica | Causative agent of amebic dysentery (amebiasis)
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| Epidemic diseases | Diseases that attack many people at the same time in the same geographic region.
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| Epidemic typhus | A disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii
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| Epidermophyton | Athlete's foot (Tinea pedis)
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| Epstein | Barr virus
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| Eschar | An anthrax lesion characterized by a central mass of necrotic tissue surrounded by inflammatory vesicles.
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| Escherichia coli | Causative agent of enteroinvasive E. coli or enterohemorrhagic E. coli
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| Eukaryotic | Cells contain membrane
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| Exogenous infections | Infections caused by organisms not present in the body.
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| Exotoxin | A toxin, generally a protein, produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium.
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| Facultative organisms | Capable of adjusting to changes in oxygen levels in their environment.
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| Fibrinolysin | An enzyme capable of digesting fibrin threads in blood.
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| Focal Infection | An infection in which organisms are orginally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body.
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| Fomites | Any inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted.
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| Formalin | 37% formaldehyde by mass and 40% by volume used as a disinfectant.
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| Fractional sterilization | Items are placed in free
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| Francisella Tularensis | Causative agent of tularemia (rabbit fever).
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| Fungi | A group of often filamentous unicellular and multicellular organisms lacking chlorophyll that usually bear spores
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| Fungicides | Kills both fungi and their spores.
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| Furuncle | An abscess due to pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle
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| Gardnerella vaginalis | Bacterial vaginosis
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| General Infection | An infection that becomes systemic.
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| Germicides | Kills a variety of different types of microorganisms, but not necessarily their spores.
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| Giardia lamblia | Causative agent of giardiasis
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| Glutaraldehyde | An effective disinfectant and is actually a cold chemical sterilant when activated in a 2 percent solution, which is germicidal in 10 minutes and kills endospores in 3 to 12 hours.
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| Haemophilus influenzae | Causative agent of influenzal meningitis.
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| Halogens | The six elements found in the next to the last column on the far right side of the periodic table. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine,and iodine.
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| Hantavirus | Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; Inhalation of virus from infected rodents; Fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headache, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, dyspnea
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| Helicobacter pylori | Causative agent of stomach ulcers.
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| Hepatitis | An inflammatory disorder of the liver caused by a virus (hepatitis viruses A, B, and C); Hepatitis B is spread through body fluid contact, it can lead to either a chronic liver disease or death
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| Hepatitis A virus | Causative agent of infectious hepatitis; Fecal
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| Hepatitis B virus | Causative agent of serum hepatitis; Contaminated body fluids; Chronic or fatal, causing scarring and hardening of the liver, jaundice, liver cancer, or liver failure
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| Hepatitis C virus | Non
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| Herpes simplex 1 virus | Causative agent of cold cores; Oral or respiratory route; Cold sore lesion on mouth
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| Herpes simplex 2 virus | Causative agent of genital herpes; Sexually transmitted; Chronic painful blistering on genitals, flulike symptoms, fever, swollen glands
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| Hexachlorophene | Only available with a prescription, but it is an ingredient in several commercial embalming chemicals. About 450 times more effective as a germicide than phenol.
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| Histoplasma capsulatum | Causative agent of histoplasmosis (cave disease; spelunker's disease; Darling's disease; reticuloendothelial Cytomycosis)
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| Host | The organism from which a microorganism obtains nourishment.
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| Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Causative agent of AIDS; Sexually transmitted, sharing IV drug needles; Failure of immune system
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| Human papilloma virus (HPV) | Genital warts
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| Hyaluronidase | A bacterial enzyme that penetrates the body's connective tissues, permitting the easy spread of infection throughout the body.
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| Hydrophobia | An acute, neurotropic, infectious disease caused by a rhabdovirus known as the rabies virus
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| Hyphae | Long filamentous structures
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| Incineration | Reduction of waste to a more manageable quantity and form, ashes. Both the vegetative bacteria and the bacterial endospore are inactivated during incineration.
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| Infection | The state or condition in which the body or a part of the body is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects.
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| Influenza | Viral infections of the respiratory tract
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| Influenza virus | Causative agent of the flu; Inhalation of respiratory droplets; Fever, chills, headache, cough, sore throat, extreme fatigue
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| Insecticides | Kills insects.
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| Iodophore | Compound of iodine and a surfactant such as a detergent that can slowly release the free iodine.
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| Kaposi's sarcoma | A common skin and blood vessel cancer found in cases of HIV infection
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| Kingdom Monera | Prokaryotic Organisms
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Causative agent of nosocomial respiratory infections.
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| Kuru | A prion disease in isolated New Guinea tribes. Transmitted by contact with brain and tissue of dead victims, now declining as practices that led to this contact decline.
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| Larvicides | Kills larvae, which are the wormlike forms of newly hatched insects.
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| Legionella Pneumophilia | Causative agent of Legionnaire's disease.
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| Leptospira | Causative agent of leptospirosis.
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| Leptospira interrogans | Causative agent of leptospirosis.
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| Lipase | A bacterial enzyme that acts with the oils and fats secreted by the sebaceous glands allowing the bacteria to colonize in the skin.
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| Listeria monocytogenes | Causative agent of listeriosis.
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| Local Infection | Infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining there.
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| Lophotrichous | Bacterium has two or more flagella on either end of its cell
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| Lymphogranuloma venereum | Chlamydia trachomatis; Sexual contact; 75% of female and 50% of male cases are asymptomatic; blister appears on genitals, rupture and painlessly heal; enlargemant of regional lymph nodes with pus
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| Mad Cow disease | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is commonly known as this
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| Malaria | A febrile disease of the blood characterized by chills and fever. It is caused by a protozoan and spread by Anopheles mosquito bite, which is a biological vector.
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| Mechanical Vector | A living organism or an object that is capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on its external body part or surface.
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| Meningitis | Inflammation of the membranes around the brain and the spinal cord
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| Meningitis in newborns | Ingestion of raw milk. Lethargy, jaundice, respiratory distress, shock, pneumonia, anorexia
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| meningoencephalitis | Inflamation of the brain and the membrane surrounding it
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| Microaerophilic organisms | Require little free oxygen (2% to 10%)
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| Microsporum | Jock itch (Tinea cruris)
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| Mixed infection | An infection caused by two or more organisms.
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| molds | Fungi that are filamentous and multicellular
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| Mononucleosis | An infectious inflammatory disease caused by the Epstein
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| Monotrichous | Bacterium has one flagellum
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| Mucosal leishmaniasis | Deadly flesh eating leishmania parasites. Can be deadly if spreads to face by obstruction of breathing and eating. Found in Asia, Europe and South America. Biological vector Sand Fly.
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| Mumps Virus | Causative agent of epidemic parotitis; Inhalation of respiratory droplets; Swelling of parotid salivary glands, fever, painful swallowing, orchitis, meningitis, pancreatitis, inflammation of ovaries
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| Mycobacterium avium | Causative agent of Mycobacterium Avium Complex.
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Causative agent of tuberculosis.
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| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Also known as primary atypical pneumonia
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| Mycoplasmas | Once thought to be viruses, these are actually the smallest free
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| Natural active immunity | Developing a disease and recovering from it.
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| Natural passive immunity | The result of placental transfer of antibodies in the uterus, or from the transfer of antibodies in the mother's first breast milk, which is known as colostrum.
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| Necrobiosis | The process by which the epithelial layer of the skin continuously dies, sloughs off, and is replaced with new cells.
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| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Causative agent of gonorrhea.
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| Neisseria meningitidis | Causative agent of meningococcal meningitis.
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| Neurotropic diseases | Viral infections of the central nervous system
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| Noncommunicable diseases | Diseases that don't spread from one person to another.
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| Obligate (strict) aerobes | Can only live in the presence of oxygen because they need oxygen to metabolize sugars
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| Obligate (strict) anaerobes | Microbes that can only survive in an environment devoid of oxygen. i.e., Listeria, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens
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| oophoritis | Inflammation of the ovaries
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| Opportunist | An organism that exists as part of the normal flora but that can become pathogenic under certain conditions.
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| orchitis | Inflammation of the testicles
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| ornithosis | Also known as parrot fever or as ornithosis
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| Otitis Media | This infection is caused by bacterial contaminated water, eardrum puncture, or skull fracture resulting in ear ache caused by pus behind the ear drum
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| Pandemic diseases | Diseases affecting the majority of the population of a large region or are epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world.
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| Parrot fever | A respiratory disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci
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| Pathogen | A microorganism capable of producing disease.
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| Pathogenicity | The state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease.
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| Peritrichous | Bacterium has flagella distributed over its entire cell
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| Petechiae | Pinpoint bleeding.
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| Plasmodium malariae | Causative agent of malaria
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| Pneumocystis carinii | Causative agent of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (pneumocystosis)
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| Poliovirus | Causative agent of poliomyelitis
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| Poliovirus | Poliomyelitis (polio); Fecal
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| Primary Infection | An original infection from which a second one originates.
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| Prokaryotes | No nucleus or any other membrane
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| Proteus Species | Causative agent of infections in burns.
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| Proteus vulgaris | Generalized decomposition
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| Protozoa | One
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| Pthirus pubis | crabs
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| Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics that damage cellular membranes and denature microbial proteins. A group of disinfectants that are deactivated in the presence of soap and includes benzalkonium chloride.
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| Rabies virus | Causative agent of hydrophobia; Animal bite or inhalation of aerosolized virus; Encephalitis, inability to swallow, paralysis
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| Reservoir | The natural habitat of a disease
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| Resistance | The ability of an organism to defend itself against infection and disease; the sum total of body mechanisms that interpose barriers to the progress of invasion, multiplication of infectious agents, or damage by their toxic products.
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| Rickettsia | Short, nonmotile, gram
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| Rickettsia Rickettsii | Causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Reservoir. Rodents. Transmission. Tick bite.
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| Rickettsia Typhi | Causative agent of typhus fever. Reservoir. Rodents. Transmission. Flea bite.
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| Rocky Mountain spotted fever | A disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
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| Rubella virus | Causative agent of German measles; Inhalation of respiratory droplets; Red spots and fever that can lead to encephalitis
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| Rubeola virus | Causative agent of measles; Inhalation of respiratory droplets; Red spots on face, trunk, and extremities that can lead to encephalitis; symptoms are more severe than in German measles
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| Salmonella Enteritidis | Causative agent of salmonellosis.
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| Salmonella enteritidis | Salmonella food poisoning (Salmonellosis)
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| Salmonella typhi | Causative agent of typhoid fever.
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| Scrubbing | Manual process by which microorganisms are removed from a surface.
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| Secondary Infection | Infection caused by a different organism than the one causing the primary infection.
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| Septicemia | Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood; commonly known as blood poisoning.
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| Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | A repiratory illness that has recently been reported in Asia, North America, and Europe
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| Sheep Scrapie | A disease of sheep and goats that causes them to rub sores on their bodies
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| Shigella species | Causative agent of bacillary dysentery.
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| Spongiform encephalopathies | A genetic disorder within families that results from a mutation of the normal prion protein in the brain
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| Sporadic diseases | Occuring occasionally or in scattered instances within a geographic region.
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| Sporicides | Agents that kill bacterial and mold spores, can also be used during the process of terminal disinfection of embalming instruments and equipment.
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| St. Vitus' dance | In approximately 10% of the cases of rheumatic fever, a condition known as Sydenham's chorea develops. Characterized by purposeless, involuntary movements during waking hours.
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| Steam under pressure | The most effective means of controlling microbial growth because pressure, temperature, and length of exposure can be controlled.
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| Sterilization | The process of completely removing or destroying all life
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| Straphylococcus aureus | Causative agent of toxic shock syndrome.
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| Streptococcus agalacitae | Causative agent of meningitis in newborns.
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Causative agent of otitis media (about 35% of cases)
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| Streptococcus pyogenes | Causative agent of scarlet fever.
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| Taxonomy | Seeks to organize living things into groups based on morphology, or genetics.
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| Thermal death point | Lowest temperature at which all microorganisms are killed in 10 minutes.
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| Thermal death time | Minimum time it takes to kill all microorganisms present.
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| Tincture | A solution of iodine and alcohol that is primarily used as an antiseptic. It does not kill endospores.
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| Toxemia | Blood distribution throughout the body of poisonous products of bacteria growing in a focal or local site, thus producing generalized symptoms.
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| Toxin | A poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin.
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| Toxoplasma gondii | Causative agent of toxoplasmosis
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| Trachoma | A chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world
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| Treponema pallidum | Causative agent of syphilis.
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| Treponema pallidum | syphilis
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| Trichomonas vaginalis | Trichomoniasis
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| Trichophyton | Scalp ringworm (Tinea capitis)
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| True Pathogen | Real or genuine disease producing organism.
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| Trypanosoma brucei gambiense | Causative agent of West African sleeping sickness.
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| Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense | Causative agent of East African sleeping sickness
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| tsetse fly | A blood
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| Ultraviolet (UV) light | A form of nonionizing radiation that can effectively control the growth of microorganisms placed directly in its path.
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| Universal Precautions | Guidelines designed to protect workers with occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
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| Varicella | zoster virus
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| Variola virus | Causative agent of smallpox; Respiratory route; Characteristic pox lesions of the skin and organs
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| Vibrio Cholerae | Causative agent of cholera. The disease is characterized by a profuse and watery diarrhea.
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| Viremia | The presence of viruses in the blood.
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| Virucides | Kills viruses.
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| Virulence | Relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms to produce disease
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| West Nile virus | West Nile encephalitis; Mosquito bite; Inflammation of nervous system
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| Yeasts | Fungi that are encapsulated and are unicellular
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| Yersinia Pestis | Causative agent of plague. Reservoir. Rodents. Transmission. Flea bites.
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| Zoonoses | Diseases that are communicable from animals or animal products.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
Schools420