chapters 13, 18, 19, 20
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | infection
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| show | pathologic state that results is a disease
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| show | disease
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| show | infectious disease
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| show | normal (resident) biota or normal flora
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| show | bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and to an extent viruses and arthropods
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| show | metagenomics
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| funded by the National Institutes of Health and is being conducted at laboratories all over the world. The aim is to collect genetic sequences in the gut, respiratory tract, skin, to determine which microbes are there, even when they can't grow in the lab | show 🗑
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| show | skin and its mucous membranes; upper respiratory tract; GI tract; outer opening of urethra; external genitalia; vagina; external ear canal; external eye
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| show | Candida albicans
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| relationship in which microorganisms compete for survival in a common environment by taking actions that inhibit or destroy another organism | show 🗑
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| show | endogenous
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| show | B: Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Proprionibacterium, Streptococcus; F: Candida, Pityrosporum; A: Demodix mite
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| show | B: Streptococcus; Neisseria, Bacteroides, Haemophilus; F: Candida species; P: Entamoeba gingivalis
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| show | B: Streptococcus, Clostridium, fecal streptococci, Lactobacillus, coliforms (Escherichia, Enterobacter); F: Candida; P: Entamoeba coli, Trichomonas hominis
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| what is some common genera in the upper respiratory tract | show 🗑
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| show | B: Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia; F: Candida
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| show | B: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus
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| show | Bifidobacterium
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| a microbe whose relationship with its host is parasitic and results in infection and diseae is termed: | show 🗑
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| show | ogenicity
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| show | true pathogens
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| what are some example of true pathogens | show 🗑
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| show | opportunistic pathogens
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| show | Pseudomonas species and Candida albicans
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| show | virulence
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| show | 1. establish itslef in the host 2.cause damage
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| any characteristic or sructure of the microbe that contributes to the preceding activities is called: | show 🗑
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| show | portal of entry
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| originating outside the body | show 🗑
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| already existing in the body | show 🗑
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| show | respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
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| what does Streptococcus and Staphylococcus enter through | show 🗑
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| the cause of boils | show 🗑
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| an agent of impetigo | show 🗑
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| what is the bacteria that causes pink eye | show 🗑
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| show | Chlamydia trachomatis
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| the best-known enteric agents of disease are gram-negative rods in the genera...... | show 🗑
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| show | poliovirus, hepaitis A virus, echovirus, and rotavirus
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| show | Entamoeba histolytica (amoebiasis) and Giardia lamblia (giardiasis)
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| the agents with entry into the respiratory tract include..... | show 🗑
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| pathogens that are inhaled into the lower region of the respiratory tract (bronchioles and lungs)can cause this | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella, Mycoplasma) and fungi (Cryptococcus and Pneumocystis)
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| show | placenta
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| show | toxoplasmosis, other diseases (hepatits B, AIDS, chlamydia), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus
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| show | spontaneous abortion, congential abnormalities, brain damage, prematurity, and stillbirths
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| for most agents, infection will proceed only if a minimum number called this is present | show 🗑
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| show | adhesion
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| show | fimbriae attach to genital epithelium
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| show | fimbrial adhesion
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| show | fimbriae attach to intestinal epithelium
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| show | specialized tip at ends of bacteria fuse tightly to lung epithelium
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| what is Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhsion mechanism | show 🗑
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| What is Streptococcus pyogenes adhesion mechanism | show 🗑
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| show | Dextran slime layer glues cocci to tooth surface after initial attachment
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| what is Influenza virus adhesion mechanism | show 🗑
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| show | capsid proteins attach to receptors on susceptible cells
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| show | viral spikes adhere to white blood cells receptors
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| show | small suction disc on underside attaches to intestinal surfaces
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| show | phagocytes
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| show | antiphagocytic factors
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| Streptococcus and Staphylococcus produce this substance that is toxic to white blood cells | show 🗑
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| what types of microorganisms secrete a slime layer or capsule to make it physically difficult for a phagocyte to engulf them | show 🗑
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| the ability to survive intracellularly in phagocytes has specical significance because... | show 🗑
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| show | exoenzymes
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| show | mucinase
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| show | keratinase
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| digests the principal fiber of connective tissue and is an invasive factor of Clostridium species and certain worms | show 🗑
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| show | hyaluronidase
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| show | coagulase
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| show | kinase
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| show | toxin
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| the tendency for a pathogen to produce toxins; important factor in bacterial virulence | show 🗑
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| show | toxinosis
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| condition in which a toxin is spread throughout the bloodstream | show 🗑
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| show | intoxication
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| show | its specific tartet of action (neurotoxins=nervous system; enterotoxins=intestine; hemotoxin=lyse RBCs; nephrotoxins=damage the kidneys
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| a bacterial toxin that is not ordinarily released; composed of a phospholipid polysaccharide complex that is an integral part of gram-neg bacterial cell walls; can cause severe shock and fever | show 🗑
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| show | exotoxin
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| show | damage the cell membrane and initiate lysis; disrupts intracellular function
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| any biological agent that is capable of destroying RBCs and causing the release of hemoglobin; many bacterial pathogens produce exotoxins that act as this | show 🗑
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| show | hemolyze
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| hemolysins that increase pathogenecity include | show 🗑
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| when colonies of bacteria growing on blood agar produce hemolysin, what happens to the colony | show 🗑
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| show | exotoxin
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| show | endotoxin
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| cell and tissue death | show 🗑
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| show | localized infection (ex: boils, fungal skin infections, warts)
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| show | systemic infection (measles, rubella, chickenpox, AIDS)
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| show | focal infection
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| show | tuberculosis or by streptococcal pharyngitis, which give rise to scarlet fever
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| show | mixed infections (ex: gas gangrene, wound infections, dental caries, and human bite infections; these are sometimes called polymicrobial diseases)
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| show | primary infection
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| show | secondary infection
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| show | acute infections
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| show | chronic infections
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| any objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer | show 🗑
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| show | symptom
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| when a disease can be identified or defined by a certain complex of signs and symptoms, it is termed | show 🗑
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| show | chills
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| show | pain, ache, soreness, irritation
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| show | malaise
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| symptom of chest sounds | show 🗑
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| show | chest tightness
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| symptom of leukocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | headache
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| show | nausea
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| symptom of abscesses | show 🗑
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| show | anorexia
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| symptom of antibodies in serum | show 🗑
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| a natural, nonspecific response to tissue injury that protects the host from further damage; it stimulates immune reactivity and blocks the spread of an infectious agent | show 🗑
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| what are the most common symptoms of inflammation | show 🗑
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| what are the signs of inflammation | show 🗑
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| walled-off collections of inflammatory cells and microbes in the tissues | show 🗑
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| show | lesion
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| an increase in the level of WBCs | show 🗑
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| decrease in the level of WBCs | show 🗑
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| blood infection; microorganisms are multiplying in the blood and are present in large numbers | show 🗑
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| show | bacteremia or viremia
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| show | asymptomatic
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| a period of inapparent manifestations that occurs before symptoms and signs of disease appear | show 🗑
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| show | aerosols or droplets
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| show | tuberculosis, influenza, measles and chickenpox
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| droplets of saliva are the exit route for several viruses including..... | show 🗑
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| show | latency
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| a morbid complication that follows a disease | show 🗑
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| show | reservoir
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| show | source
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| an individual who inconspicuously shelters a pathogen and spreads it to othrs without any notice | show 🗑
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| show | asymptomatic carriers
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| person who mechanically transfer a pathogen without ever being infected by it | show 🗑
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| a live animal that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another (Ex: fleas, mosquitoes, flies, ticks | show 🗑
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| transports infectious agents and plays a role in the life cycle of the pathogen, serving as a site in which it can multiply or complete its life cycle | show 🗑
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| show | mechanical vector
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| show | zoonosis
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| show | communicable infection
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| show | contagious
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| show | noncommunicable
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| an inanimate material (solid object, liquid, air) that serves as a transmission agent for pathogens | show 🗑
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| an inanimate object that harbors and transmits pathogens | show 🗑
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| the dried residue of fine droplets produced by mucus and saliva sprayed while sneezing and coughing | show 🗑
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| infectious diseases that are acquired or develop during a hospital stay are known as.. | show 🗑
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| show | gram-neg intestinal biota (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas)
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| show | epidemiology
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| show | commensals
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| resident biota is absent from the | show 🗑
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| show | toxins, enzymes, capsules
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| show | damage RBCs
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| show | period of incubation
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| show | prodrome
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| show | mechanical vector
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| an example of a noncommunicable infection is | show 🗑
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| show | sign
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| show | False: it is called bacterium
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| T/F: a subclinical infection is one that is acquired in a hospital or medical facility | show 🗑
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| show | False: it is leukocytosis
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| short protein molecules found in epithelial cells; have the ability to kill bacteria | show 🗑
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| what three main categories of microorganisms reside on the skin | show 🗑
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| club shaped bacteria that resemble Corynebacterium diphtheriae; they are gram-pos and can be aerobic, aerotolerant, or anaerobic | show 🗑
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| show | Propionibacterium acnes
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| show | Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Micrococcus, alpha-hemolytic and nonhemolytic streptococci, Candida, Malassezia
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| when the skin swells over a pore leading out of a hair follicle, is is called.... | show 🗑
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| what is the causative agent for acne.... | show 🗑
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| bacterium that is anaerobic or aerotolerant gram-pos rod arranged in short chains or clumps; releases lipase (most important), proteases, neuraminidase, hyaluronidase; secretes a low molecular weight protein that is a strong attractant for WBCs | show 🗑
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| show | yes. it is not a transmissible infection
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| show | antibiotics (topical or oral): isotretinoin
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| superficial bacterial infection that causes the skin to flake or peel off; highly contagious in children | show 🗑
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| show | impetigo
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| show | Staphylococcus aureus
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| show | S. aureus
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Created by:
mlegg