Lippert ch.17 - Pelvic Girdle Stucture - p.247-252
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| name the 4 bones that make up the pelvic girdle | sacrum, coccyx, & 2 hip bones
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| name the 3 bones that make up the hip | ilium, ischium, pubis
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| Where are the sacroiliac joints located? | posterolaterally, between the sacrum and the left & right ilium bones
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| Where is the sypmphysis pubis located? | anteriorly, between the left & right pubic bones
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| Where is the lumbosacral joint located? | superiorly, between L5 & S1, where the spine meets the sacrum
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| What is the pelvic girdle also referred to as? | the pelvis
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| How many planes does the pelvic girdle move in during walking? | 3
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| What important function does the pelvic girdle provide during movement & posture? | supports weight of vertebral column and passes force on to hips (also works conversely when foot contacts the ground)
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| false pelvis | aka: greater or major pelvis; bony area between iliac crests & is superior to pelvic inlet
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| How many PELVIC organs are within the false pelvis? | None
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| pelvic inlet | line from sacral promontory posteriorly to superior boarder of symphysis pubis anteriorly
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| true pelvis | aka: lesser or minor pelvis; area between pelvic inlet & pelvic outlet
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| pelvic outlet | line from end of coccyx to inferior surface of pubic symphysis
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| pelvic cavity | true pelvic area; contains portions of GI tract, urinary tract, some reproductive organs , & birth canal
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| How does the superior opening into the pelvic cavity differ between genders? | male = heart shaped / female = oval
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| Which gender's pelvic cavity is longer and more funnel shaped? | males
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| Which gender has a wider & more rounded pelvic arch? | females
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| Which gender has their acetabula & ischial tuberosities further apart? | females
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| What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint? | synovial, nonaxial, plane joint with irregular surfaces
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| Is the sacroiliac joint very stable? | yes
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| Is the sacroiliac joint very mobile? | no
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| What is a synovial joint's articular surface lined with? | hyaline cartilage
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| nutation | aka: sacral flexion; base (top) of sacrum moves anteriorly & inferiorly, coccyx moves posteriorly
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| counternutation | aka: sacral extension; base (top) of sacrum moves posteriorly & superiorly, coccyx moves anteriorly
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| Does the PELVIC INLET become larger during nutation or counternutation? | counternutation
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| Does the PELVIC OUTLET become larger during nutation or counternutation? | nutation
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| What motions must happen to allow for nutation? | trunk flexion or hip extension
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| What motions must happen to allow for counternutation? | trunk extension or hip flexion
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| Which occurs 1st during childbirth: nutation or counternutation? | early labor = counternutation / later stages of labor = nutation
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| How many fused vertebrae make up the sacrum? | 5
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| Is the anterior surface (or pelvic surface)of the sacrum convex or concave? | concave
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| What is the name of the ridge projecting along the anterior edge of the body of S1 on the sacrum? | promontory
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| What is the name of the lateral flared wings of the sacrum that are actually fused transverse processes? | ala
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| Name the bony landmark that is shaped similar to the external ear & is located on the lateral surface of the sacrum. | auricular surface
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| What is the superior surface of S1 called? | the BASE of the sacrum
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| What bony landmark serves as an exit for the anterior & posterior divisions of sacral nerves? | foramina
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| Where is the superior articular process of the sacrum located? | posteriorly on base; articulates with inferior articular process of L5
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| What part of the hip bone does the ilium make up? | the superior part of the hip
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| iliac tuberosity | large, roughened area, posterior, between iliac crest & articular surface (where interosseous ligament attaches)
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| auricular surface of the ilium | earlike shape, where ilium articulates with sacrum
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| iliac crest | superior ridge of ilium
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| Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS) | posterior projection of iliac crest, where posterior sacroiliac ligaments attach
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| Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS) | inferior to PSIS, where sacrotuberous ligament attaches
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| greater sciatic notch | formed by ilium superiorly & the ilium & ischium inferiorly
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| greater sciatic foramen | sciatic nerve passes through this opening
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| ischium | inferior to ilium & posterior to pubis
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| ischial body | all of ischium that is superior to ischial tuberosity
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| lesser sciatic notch | inferior to greater sciatic notch; just below ischial spine, but above the ischial tuberosity
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| ischial spine | between greater & lesser sciatic notches; provides attachment for sacrospinous ligament
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| ischial tuberosity | blunt, rough projection on the inferior part of the body; bears weight while sitting
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| Why does the sacroiliac joint have so many ligaments? | to absorb lots of stress while providing great stability
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| pubic symphysis joint | fibrocartilage disk at midline between right & left pubic bones (amphiarthrodial joint = little movement)
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| Where is the pubis located in the hip? | inferior to ilium, anterior to ischium
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| pubic body | between superior & inferior rami
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| pubic tubercle | projection anteriorly off superior pubic ramus, where superior pubic ligament attaches
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| superior pubic rami | superior projection of pubic body
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| inferior pubic rami | inferior projection of pubic body, where inferior pubic ligament attaches
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