Light waves, sound waves, and water waves
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| Amplitude | The distance from the midpoint to the crest (or to the trough) of a wave.
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| Diffraction | Any bending of light by means other than reflection and refraction.
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| Dispersion | The separation of light into colors arranged by frequency.
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| Doppler effect | The change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source (or due to the motion of the receiver).
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| Electromagnetic spectrum | The continuous range of electromagnetic waves that extends in frequency from radio waves to gamma rays.
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| Electromagnetic wave | An energy-carrying wave produced when an electric charge accelerates.
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| Forced vibration | The setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating source.
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| Frequency | For a vibrating body, the number of vibrations per unit time. For a wave, the number of crests that pass a particular point per unit time.
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| Interference | The combined effect of two or more waves overlapping.
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| Law of reflection | The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
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| Longitudinal wave | A wave in which the medium vibrates in a direction parallel (longitudinal) with the direction in which the wave travels.
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| Natural frequency | A frequency at which an elastic object naturally tends to vibrate.
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| Opaque | The term applied to materials that absorb light without reemission.
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| Period | The time required for a vibration or a wave to make a complete cycle.
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| Reflection | The returning of a wave to the medium from which it came when it hits a barrier.
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| Refraction | The bending of waves due to a change in the medium.
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| Resonance | A dramatic increase in the amplitude of a wave that results when the frequency of forced vibrations matches an object’s natural frequency.
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| Transparent | The term applied to materials through which light can pass in straight lines.
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| Transverse wave | A wave in which the medium vibrates in a direction perpendicular (transverse) to the direction in which the wave travels.
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| Wave | A disturbance that travels from one place to another transporting energy, but not necessarily matter, along with it.
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| Wavelength | The distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next one, or, equivalently, the distance between successive identical parts of the wave.
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