Chapter 06: Solutions and Colloids
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| What are some properties of solutions? | 1.) distribution of particles is uniform 2.) the components do not seperate on standing 3.) can not be seperated into its components by filtration 4.) can be in many combintations 5) almost always transparent 6) there are other chemical means to separate
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| solubility | the maximum amount of the solid that will dissolve in a given amount of a particular solvent at a given temperature
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| insoluble | is when solids have a very low solubility
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| soluble | when solids have a very high solubility
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| what is the term to refer to a liquid dissolving into a liquid | miscible
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| what does the "like dissolves like" rule apply? | polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar compounds dissolve in nonpolar substances
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| Is water a polar or nonpolar solvent? | nonpolar
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| for solids/liquids/gases that dissolves in liquids, solubility ____ with an ______ ________. | increases, increasing temperature
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| What is henry's Law? | the higher the pressure, the greater the solubility of a gas in a liquid
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| What are the two major ways to express the concentration of solutions? | percent concentration (three types) and Molarity
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| What three ways are percent concentration represented? | (w/v)%, (w/w)%, and (v/v)%
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| What is Molarity? | the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 L of solution M = moles of solute/volume of solution
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| How does water dissolve ionic compounds? | when a solid ionic compound is added to water, water molecules surround the ions at the surface of the crystal. The negative ions attrtact the positive ends of water molecules and the positive ions attract the negative ends of water molecules
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| hydrated | ions removed from the crystal that are completely surrounded by water molecules
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| What is Water of hydration? | when you have water molecules in a crystal
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| anhydrous | crystals without water
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| hydroscopic | anhydrous crystals that become hyrated in air
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| ions in water migrate from one place to another. this conducts electricity. anions migrate to the electrode called the ________ ; cations, migrate to the electrode called the ________ . | anode, cathode
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| what are electrolights? | substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water
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| Substances that do not conduct electricity in water are called | nonelectrolytes
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| electric conductance depends on what? | the concentration of ions. the higher the ion concentration, the greater the electric conductance of the solution
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| strong electrolytes | compounds that dissociate completely
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| weak electrolyes | compounds that dissasosiate only partically
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| water is a good dissolver for also _______ | covalent compounds
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| most covalent compounds in water ... | do not dissolve. only dissolve in water if they they are (1) small and (2) can form hydrogen bonds with water
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| What are colloids? | range 1-1000 nm
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| tyndall effect | light scattering of colloidal particles
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| Brownian motion | the random and chaotic motion of any colloidal particle suspended in a solvent
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| What is osmolarity? | M x i (i is the number of particles in 1 formula unit)
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| hypotonic solution | when a solution has a lower osmolarity than another
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| hypertonic solution | when a solution has a higher osmolarity than another.
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