Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Polar Covalent Bonds | the bonding electrons are shared between two atoms.
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| Dipole | a pair of separated electrical charges
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| Intermolecular Forces | an attractive interaction betwen molecules
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| vaan der Waals forces | an alternate name for intermolecular forces
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| Ion-Dipole Forces | an intermolecular force resulting from electrical interaction between an ion and partial changes on a polar molecule.
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| Ionic Bond | generally forms between the cation of a metal and the anion of a reactive nonmetal
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| Dipole-Dipole Forces | intermolecular force resulting from electrical interactions among dipoles on neighboring molecules
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| London Dispersion Force | an intermolecular force resulting from the presence of temporary dipoles in atoms or molecules
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| Polarizability | the ease with which a molecule's electron cloud can be distored by a nearby electronegative atom.
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| Hydrogen bond | an attractive intermolecular force between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegatuve O, N, or F atom and an unshared electron pair on a nearby electronegative atom
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| Viscosity | the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow
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| Surface Tension | the resistance of a liquid to spreading out and increasing its surface area
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| Phase Change | a process in which the physical form, but not the chemical identity of substance changes
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| Phase | a state of matter
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| Free Energy Change | a general criterion for the spontaneity of a chemical or physical process.
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| Molar Heat Capacity (Cm) | the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one mole of the substance by one degree Celsius
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| Heat of Fusion | the amount of heat required for melting a solid to a liquid
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| Heat of Vaporization | the amount of heat required for vaporization of a liquid to a gas
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| Vapor Pressure (Pvap) | the partial pressure of a gas in equilibrium with liquid
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| Clausius-Clapeyron equation | a mathematical relationship between vapor pressure and heat of vaporization for a substance(equation in notes)
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| Normal Boiling Point | the temperature at which boiling occurs when there is exactly one atm. of external presssure
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| Crystalline Solids | a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules have an ordered arrangement extending over a long range
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| Amorphous Solids | a solid whose constituent particles are randomly arranged and have no ordered, long range structure.
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| Ionic Solid | a solid whose constituent particles are ions ordered into a regular three-dimensional arrangement held together by ionic bonds
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| Molecular Solid | a solid whose constituent particles are molecules held together by intermolecular forces
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| Covalent Network Solid | a solid whose atoms are linked together by covalent bonds into a giant three dimensional array
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| Metalic Solid | a solid consisting of a metal atoms, whose crystals have metallic properties such as electrical conductivity
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| Allotropes | different structural forms of an element
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| Phase Diagram | a plot showing the effects of pressure and temperature on the physical state of substance
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| Triple Point | a unique combination of pressure and temperature at which gas, liquid and solid phases coexist in equilibrium
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| Normal Melting Point | the temperature at which melting occurs when there is exactly one atm. of external pressure
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| Critical Point | a combination of temperature and pressure beyond which a gas cannot be liquefied
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| Supercritical Fluid | a state of matter beyond the critical point that is neither liquid or gas.
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