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10.1-10.8
Vocabulary
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polar Covalent Bonds | the bonding electrons are shared between two atoms. |
| Dipole | a pair of separated electrical charges |
| Intermolecular Forces | an attractive interaction betwen molecules |
| vaan der Waals forces | an alternate name for intermolecular forces |
| Ion-Dipole Forces | an intermolecular force resulting from electrical interaction between an ion and partial changes on a polar molecule. |
| Ionic Bond | generally forms between the cation of a metal and the anion of a reactive nonmetal |
| Dipole-Dipole Forces | intermolecular force resulting from electrical interactions among dipoles on neighboring molecules |
| London Dispersion Force | an intermolecular force resulting from the presence of temporary dipoles in atoms or molecules |
| Polarizability | the ease with which a molecule's electron cloud can be distored by a nearby electronegative atom. |
| Hydrogen bond | an attractive intermolecular force between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegatuve O, N, or F atom and an unshared electron pair on a nearby electronegative atom |
| Viscosity | the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow |
| Surface Tension | the resistance of a liquid to spreading out and increasing its surface area |
| Phase Change | a process in which the physical form, but not the chemical identity of substance changes |
| Phase | a state of matter |
| Free Energy Change | a general criterion for the spontaneity of a chemical or physical process. |
| Molar Heat Capacity (Cm) | the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one mole of the substance by one degree Celsius |
| Heat of Fusion | the amount of heat required for melting a solid to a liquid |
| Heat of Vaporization | the amount of heat required for vaporization of a liquid to a gas |
| Vapor Pressure (Pvap) | the partial pressure of a gas in equilibrium with liquid |
| Clausius-Clapeyron equation | a mathematical relationship between vapor pressure and heat of vaporization for a substance(equation in notes) |
| Normal Boiling Point | the temperature at which boiling occurs when there is exactly one atm. of external presssure |
| Crystalline Solids | a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules have an ordered arrangement extending over a long range |
| Amorphous Solids | a solid whose constituent particles are randomly arranged and have no ordered, long range structure. |
| Ionic Solid | a solid whose constituent particles are ions ordered into a regular three-dimensional arrangement held together by ionic bonds |
| Molecular Solid | a solid whose constituent particles are molecules held together by intermolecular forces |
| Covalent Network Solid | a solid whose atoms are linked together by covalent bonds into a giant three dimensional array |
| Metalic Solid | a solid consisting of a metal atoms, whose crystals have metallic properties such as electrical conductivity |
| Allotropes | different structural forms of an element |
| Phase Diagram | a plot showing the effects of pressure and temperature on the physical state of substance |
| Triple Point | a unique combination of pressure and temperature at which gas, liquid and solid phases coexist in equilibrium |
| Normal Melting Point | the temperature at which melting occurs when there is exactly one atm. of external pressure |
| Critical Point | a combination of temperature and pressure beyond which a gas cannot be liquefied |
| Supercritical Fluid | a state of matter beyond the critical point that is neither liquid or gas. |
Created by:
berrya2
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