history final-hull

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All of the following are true about the ancient Sumerian city-states except that

Their political structure was democratic in nature

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The story of Osiris in ancient Egyptian religion served to

Strengthen the belief that immortality could be achieved

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The use of fire may have begun during

The Paleolithic age

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During the old stone age

Hunting and gathering was the way most people supported themselves

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Scholars have found a larger, highly significant Neolithic urban center at

Catal Huyuk

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The Phoenicians

Invented an alphabet

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Which of the following were among the basic characteristics of the first civilizations?

The development of cities

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The earliest hominids

lived in africa

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Mesopotamian civilization

Was made of cities and located in a river valley

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The people who created the Mesopotamian civilization were the

sumerians

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Ancient Mesopotamian society

Developed an extensive irrigation system

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Mesopotamian religion

Was reinforced by the intensity of the region’s environment

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Judaism can be defined or described as a religion of

ethical monotheism

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Egyptian hieroglyphics

Used sacred characters as picture signs

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The Nile delta, about 100 miles from the Mediterranean, was called

lower egypt

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Paleolithic peoples

Engaged in artistic activities, as indicated by surviving cave paintings

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During the Babylonian captivity

Many upper-class Israelites were deported to Babylonia

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Which of the following is not true about cuneiform?

It used the Cyrillic alphabet

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Many historians believe that the early books of the Hebrew bible

Were written long after the events were written about

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Among the indo-European peoples were the

Hittites who developed an empire in western Asia

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The indo-Europeans

Spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek

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The central aspect of Neolithic Revolution was the

emergence of systematic food production techniques ecapable or regularly growing grains and vegetables and breeding, working and eating domesticated animals

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What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?

an epic poem that exploits of a legendary king Uuk Gilgamesh whose best friend is a beast name Enkidu. They set off in pursuit of heroic deeds. Enkidu dies and Gilgames experiences the pain of immortality. everlasting life is only for the gods.

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egyptian statues and gods

jews believed in on true God, the persians believed in one god, Zoroaster, and the egyptians were polytheistic

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the following are true about the jewish concept of monotheism except

a transcendent God, he was part of nature, created rather than creator

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After the death of King Solomon, Jerusalem became the capital of what?

Judea

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which of the following accurately characterizes anciennt Egyptian civilization?

there was a sense of security and a feel of changlessness

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The 2 major cities of the Harappa civilization

contain, inteh city of Mohenjo-Daro, a pool that was apparentally used ceremonies of purification

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The Aryans

were led by the tribal chieftans who were called rajas

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the caste system

was applicable to every member of Idian society

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Womenin ancient India

lived in matriarchal families only on the malabar coast

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The thrid ranked caste, usually viewed as the merchant caste, was known as

vasiya

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teh term that refers to the system of large, joint families in India is

jati

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Which of the following accurately describes gender relationships in ancient society

the superiority of males over females was manifested in all areas of marital life

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a major religion that emrged in India after 600 BCE was

jainism

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a set of commentaries on the vedas were the

upanishads

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the ultimate goal of hindus is to

attain an ultimate spiritual reunion with Brahman and escape the pain of living

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on a practical level, reincarnation

provided hope for the lower class

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the founder of Buddhism was

siddhartha gautama

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a key difference between hinduism and buddhism was that buddhism

was simpler, as it rejected the numerous Hindu gods

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the mahabharata

provides an elaborate discussion of the ethnics of the dharma

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much of indian architecture

was inspired initally by the Mauryan rulers' desire to propagate buddhist ideas in stone structures

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what is the purpose od stupa and pillars

stupa-commemorates the event of buddha's life and marks the pilgrim routes to the holy places stupa-formed as a burial mound, orginally used to house a relic of buddha but eventually becames a place for devotion

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which of these ancient civilizations survived, intact, until the twentieth century

chinese

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ancient chinese civiliation originated in the valley of the

yellow and yangtze rivers

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which of the following is not a true statement

all evidence indicates that the first argicultural villages in china developed only along the yellow river

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the beginnings of civilization in china were

possibly first ecperienced under the xia dynasty

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the shang dynasty

equipped its army with 2-horse chariots

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ancient chinese villages were organized on the basis of

clans

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during the shang dynasty, the chinese

achieved renown for their bronze casting achievments

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the idea of the mandate of heaven was

introduced by the zhou dynasty and it served to legitimize its power

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in ancient china aristocrats did what?

governed divided territories

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in early china, it was believed that the universe was divided between two primary forces

the sun as the yang and the moon as the yin

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confucius

assumed that all humans had their own dao

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for confucius the main thing to concentrate on is what

dao (way)-humans ahd their own dao and it was their duty to follow it. 2 main concepts-duty and human-heartedness

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legalism

developed during the hundered shcool era

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a core belief in the need to force people to behave properly through the use of restrictive regualtion was the foundation of the philosophy

legalism

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daoism

has the dao de jing as its primary document

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the first fully inified government in chinese history was the

qin

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most of the currently standing great wall of china was

built during the ming dynasty

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the founder of the han dynasty was

lui bang

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during the reign of the han dynasty

rapid population growth, accompanied by increasingly concentrated land control, weakened the status and living standards of peasants

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the terra cotta figure near the qin first emeror's burial mound demonstrate the

huge expenditures that were devoted to afterlife preparation for the monarch

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what makes the chinese written language unique

its ideographical format

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greek geography

contained mountainous areas that impeded greek unity

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the earliest aegean civilization was located

on crete

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mycenaean civilization

was founded by indo-europeans who migrated into greece as early as 1900 bc

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homer;s legacy to the greek was

important in inculcating the aristocratic values of courage and honor

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in ancient greece, tyrants

served in a transitional role from oligarchy to democracy for many city-states

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the athenian aristocrat who seized power and created a tyranny was

pisistratus

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spartan males were recognized as mature and allowed to vote when

they were 30 years old

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they myth of persian invincibility was broken at

marathon

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the greeks decisively defeated the persians

near the islands of salamis

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all of the following was true about the peloponnesian war excapt

the ultimated result of the war was a unified greece headed by the city of thebes

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the period of the peloponnesian war saw

thucydides write hishistory of the persian war

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socrates

developed a teaching system which employed students' reasoning to help them learn

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in the republic, plato

created a utpia, ideal state composed of three social classes

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which of the following summarizes aristotle's fears the deterioration of forms of government?

monarchy to tyranny, aristocracy to oligarchy, and constitutional governemnt to anarchy

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the olympic games were held to honor

zeus

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in their effort to uncover the will of the gods, the ancient Greeks made us of

oracles

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alexander the great believed or accomplished all except

restoring freedom to greece

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hellenistic kingdom that succeeded alexander the great

was a fusion of different cultures

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the hellenistic process means

to imitate greek, greek world was extended to a non-greek world

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the first christian emperor was

constantine

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the basic message of jesus of nazareth was that

people should love God and each other

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roman military commanders

became deeply involved in politics after 133 CE

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roman general-new type of recruitment

roman general marius recruited volunteers from both the urban and rural poor who possessed no property. they swore an oath of loyalty and in return were promised land

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the reason why jesus was cricifed was

he spoke of a heavenly kingdom that disappointed the radicals, relgious leaders believed that jesus was undermining respect for traditional jewish religion. scared of revolt

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roman imperialsim was characterized by

strategic fortification, road construction, allied military support

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under the reign of the 5 good emperors

the range of responsibilites that were affected by the polocies of the emperors increase

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the roman general who returned from spain as a military hero in 71 bc was

pompey

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as it prospered, the early roman empire

saw the development of a large gap between rich and poor

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under____, christianity was made the official religion of the roman empire

theodosius

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a central aspect of early roman conquest was that all conquered peoples

had an interest in the success of rome, since they could improve their status by demonstrating their loyalty to their conquerors

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the defenders of the plebians were known as the

tribunes

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roman slaves

staged a number of massive rebellions, the largest by spartacus in 71 BC

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a development during the period of the julio-claudian rule was the emperors

acted more openly than as first citizens of the states

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the first punic war

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the second punic war

won spain for rome and produced roman control over the western mediterranean

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the third punic war

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the fundamental difference between the han and roman dynasty

although both han and roman dynasty collapsed, the han dynasty continued its traditional and values under a new dynasty. the roman dynast lived on only as an idea

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the major stages of the roman imperial expansion before 100 BC included

the involvement and seizures of the hellenistic kingdoms in the eastern mediterranean

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sign of roman decline were manifested by

a series of civil wars and barbarian invasions

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rome was

located on the plain of latium

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early rome legends and tales

were incorporated into Livy's historical accounts to teach moral values and virtues

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tradition roman religion

roman state religion focused on the worship of Greco-Roman gods and goddesses

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the poeples who the greatest influence upon republican rome were the

greeks

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member of the aristocratic class of rome

patrician

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which of the following was accomlished by the christian monasteries

they served as centers of learning

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charlemagne carolingian empire accomplished all of the following except

it restored urban economy based upon the use of money

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the incursions of the scandinavian vikings into other parts of europe

were successful in part because of their ships had shallow draft, allowing them to sail far up rivers and pillaging as they went

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the personal element of feudalism was most symbolized in the relationships involving

lords and vassals

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medieval church in the west

monastic house for which benedict wrote a set of rules, established the monastic life in

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the piece of land that provided the feudal vassal's economic support was the

fief

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aristocratic medieval women

in unusual circumstances, coud play a major role, as did Eleanor of Anquitaine

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vassals

were supported by the income from a fief of land

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the english king most responsible for establishing the common law was

henry II

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central issues complicating the realization of an integrated holy roman empire were

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the missionary brothers who created the slavonic, cyrillic, alphabet, translated the bible into slavonic

cyril and methodius

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the slavs

were divided into two religious groups

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which of the following is a valid statement about manorialism and medieval manor

manorialism provided the economic foundation of feudalism

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which of the following was not a true statement about medieval towns and cities

they were food-producing, delf-efficient, in which commerce was secondary

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all of the following were motive for the crusade except

the aim to increase religious toleration between muslim and christians

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the black death

was spread by fleas carrying yersinis pestis

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all of the following regarding the hundred years was are correct except

traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the keys to victory

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the great schism

saw 2 different individuals claiming to be the true pope

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who painted the sistine chapel

michelangelo

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all of the following are true of the political recovery except that

centralized monarchies gained strength

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WHich of the following was true about the shang dynasty

the king was viewed as an intermediary between heaven and earth

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shang dynasty rulers

were often buried with hundreds of their retainers

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the lengthiest dynasty in chinese history was the

zhou

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during the zhou dynasty, china

large-scale water control porgrams were undertaken to regulate the flow of rivvers and distribute water to the fields

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examples of zhou advances in agricultural technology included the

technique of leaving fallow land to better use soil nutrients

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the qin dynasty

caried out public book burnings

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probably the most significant fall of the qin dynasty is that the

eunuch system created a new base that resulted in an internal seizure of power

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the han dynasty

greatly increased chinese territorial control to the south and west

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the significant cultural contribution of the shang dynasty was the work that was cast in

bronze

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the greek historian who wrote the history of the persian wars was

herodotus

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Mycenaean civilization was characterized by

an introspective commercial system

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unlike Mesopotamia's rivers, the flooding of Egypt's Nile was gradual and usually predictable, and the river seen as life-enhancing rather than life-threatening

true

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Harappan civilization revolved along the Ganges River

false

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Many hindus regard the multitude of gods as simply different manifestations of one ultimate reality

true

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the caste system was in part a reflection of the light-skinned Aryans conquest of the dark-skinned Dravidians

true

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After the fall of the Mauryan dynasty, the indian subcontinet was immediately reunified under the Gupta dynasty

false

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Siddhartha denied the reality of the material or pysical world claiming that it was all an illusion that had to be transcended

true

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Tiberius amd Gaius Gracchus came to believe what

the underlying cause of Rome's problems was the decline of the small farmer

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what did the Gracchus brothers do to help the landless poor

they bypassed the senate by having the council of plebs pass land reform bills that called for the government to recliam public land held by large landowners and distribute in to landless romans

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what was the civil service examination

an elaborate chinese system of selecting bureaucrats on merit, first introduced in 165 CE

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How much of the Han empire population, which was about 60 million, shrunk 200 years later

it had shrunk to less than 1/3 that number

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