Musculature Origin/Insertion/InervationPTA
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| Trapezius | ORIGIN:Occiput protuberance, spines of T vertabrae, INSERTION:lateral clavicle, spine of scapula, NERVE:Spinal Accessory Nerve CN XI Action:rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula
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| Latissimus Dorsi | ORIGIN:spines of lower 6 T vertabrae, illiac crest and lower 4 ribs, INSERTION:Bicipital groove, NERVE: Thoracodorsal Action:adducts, extends and internally rotates the arm.
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| Lavator Scapula | Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4, INSERTION: upper medial border of scapula,NERVE:dorsal scapular Action:Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula.
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| Rhomboid Major | ORIGIN:spinous process of T2-T5, INSERTION:medial border of scapula below spine NERVE: dorsal scapular. Action:Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.
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| Rhomboid Minor | ORIGIN: spinous process of C7-T1, INSERTION: medial border scapula opposite spine, NERVE: dorsal scapular. Action:Retracts and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to thoracic wall.
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| Teres Major | ORIGIN: lateral dorsal inferior angle of scapula, INSERTION: Bicipital groove, NERVE: Lower Subscapular. Action:Internal rotation (medial rotation) of the humerus.
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| Teres Minor | ORIGIN: lateral scapula 2/3 way down, INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus NERVE: axillary. Action:laterally rotates the arm, stabilises humerus.
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| Deltoid | ORIGIN:lateral 1/3 clavicle and acromian process, spine of scapula, INSERTION: deltoid tuberosity NERVE: axillary Action:shoulder abduction, flexion and extension.
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| Supraspinatus | ORIGIN:supraspinatis fossa.INSERTION:greater tubercle of humerus. NERVE: suprascapular Action:abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus.
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| Infraspinatus | ORIGIN:infraspinatis fossa. INSERTION:greater tubercle of humerus. NERVE suprascapular. Action:Lateral rotation of arm and stabilizes humerus.
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| Subscapularis | ORIGIN: subscapular fossa. INSERTION:lesser tubercle of humerus. NERVE: upper and lower subscapular. Action:rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder.
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| Serratus Anterior | ORIGIN: slips of upper 8-9 ribs. INSERTION: medial border of scapula. NERVE: long thoracic. Action:protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation.
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| Subclavius | ORIGIN: inferior surface of clavicle. INSERTION:first rib. NERVE:nerve to subclavius. Action:depression of clavicle.
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| Pectoralis Major | ORIGIN:medial 1/2 clavicle and side of sternum. INSERTION: bicipital grove. NERVE: medial and lateral pectorial. Action:Clavicular head: flexes the humerus Sternocostal head: extends the humerus As a whole, adducts medially rotates the humerus.
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| Pectoralis Minor | ORIGIN: ribs 3,4,5 or 2,3,4.INSERTION: coracoid process.NERVE:medial pectoral. Action:stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.
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| Biceps Brachii | ORIGIN: infraglenoid tubercle. INSERTION:posterior margin of radial tuberosity.NERVE: musculocutaneous. Action:flexes elbow and supinates forearm
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| Corocobrachialis | ORGIGIN:coracoid process. INSERTION:medial humerus at deltoid tuberosity level.NERVE:musculocutaneous. Action:adducts humerus , flexes the arm at glenohumeral joint.
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| Brachialis | ORIGIN:anterior-lateral 1/2 of humerus. INSERTION:ulnar tuberosity and coranoid process.NERVE: musculocutaneous C5,C6. Action:flexion at elbow joint
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| Triceps Brachii | ORIGIN:infraglenoid tubercle, below and medial to radial groove. INSERTION:olecranon process. NERVE:radial. Action:extends forearm, long head adducts shoulder.
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| Anconeus | ORIGIN:posterior, lateral humeral condyle. INSERTION: upper posterior ulna. NERVE:radial. Action:assists in extension of the forearm,stabilises the elbow during pronation and supination.
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| Brachioradialis | ORIGIN:lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. INSERTION: readial styloid process. NERVE: radial. Action:Flexion of forearm.
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| Pronator Teres | ORIGIN: medial condyle and supracondylarridge.INSERTION: 1/2 way down on lateral radius. NERVE:anterior interosseous. Action:pronation of forearm, flexes elbow.
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| Pronator Quadratus | ORIGIN:distal medial ulna. INSERTION:distal lateral radius.NERVE: anterior interosseous. Action:pronates the forearm.
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