Ch 1-4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Cation | Positively charged (less electrons)
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| Anion | Negatively charged (more electrons)
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| The more polar the bond... | the more electronegative the bond
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| What elements have the highest electronegativity? | F-4
O-3.5
N, Cl-3.0
Br-2.8
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| What elements have the same electronegativity as C? | S and I
2.5
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| List the elements with electronegativity of 2.4 and 2.2 | Se, Au (2.4)
Ru, Os, Pd, Ir, Rh, Pt (2.2)
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| List the elements with electronegativity of 2.1 and 2.1 | P, At, H, Te (2.1)
Po, As, B (2.0)
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| $What is the name, hybridization and bond angle for a four bond C | Tetrahedral, sp3, 109
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| $What is the name, hybridization and bond angle for a three bond C | Trigonal planar, sp2, 120
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| $What is the name, hybridization and bong angle for a two bond C | Linear, sp, 180
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| $What is the length of a single C-C bond and the length of the C-H bonds | C-C: 154pm C-H: 110pm
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| $What is the length of a double C-C bond and the length of the C-H bonds | C-C: 133pm C-H: 108pm
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| $What is the length of a triple C-C bond and the length of the C-H bonds | C-C: 120pm C-H: 106pm
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| $What is the angle of a N-H bond with one group of valence electrons | 107
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| $What is the angle of a O-H bond with two groups of valence electrons | 104
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| $What is the formula for dipole moment | u=difference in electronegativity (Q) x distance separating charges (r)
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| Rule of electron movement | In multiple bond, electron movement is always towards most electronegative atom
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| What is the length of a typical C-O bond | 135pm
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| What is the length of a typical C-O double bond | 120pm
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| Rule of resonance form drawing | any three atom grouping with a p orbital on each atom as two resonance forms
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| What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid | a substance that donates a proton (H+)
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| What is a Bronsted-Lowry base | a substance that accepts a proton (H+)
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| What is a conjugate acid | The product that results when a B-L base gains a proton
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| What is a conjugate base | The product that results when a B-L acid loses a proton
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| Give the equation for the acidity constant, Ka | HA + H2O -> A- + H3O+ Ka=Keq[H2O]=[H3O+][A-]/[HA]
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| The stronger the acid (larger Ka) | the smaller the pKa
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| A Lewis acid | accepts an electron pair
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| A Lewis base | donates an electron pair
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| What direction do dipole arrows go | positive to negative
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| Electronegativites between 0 and 0.5 are | nonpolar covalent
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| Electronegativites between0.5 and 2 are | polar covalent
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| Electronegativities greater than 2 are | ionic
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| What is the formula for alkanes | CnH2n+2
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| Constitutional isomers | differ in their connections between atoms
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| Conformations are | rotation of sigma bonds
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| What is the formula for cycloalkane | CnH2n
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| Cis | on the same side
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| Trans | across
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| Stereoisomers | atoms connected in same order but differ in three-dimensional orientation
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| cyclopropane
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| cyclobutane
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| cyclopentane
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| cyclohexane
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