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Organic Test 1
Ch 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cation | Positively charged (less electrons) |
| Anion | Negatively charged (more electrons) |
| The more polar the bond... | the more electronegative the bond |
| What elements have the highest electronegativity? | F-4 O-3.5 N, Cl-3.0 Br-2.8 |
| What elements have the same electronegativity as C? | S and I 2.5 |
| List the elements with electronegativity of 2.4 and 2.2 | Se, Au (2.4) Ru, Os, Pd, Ir, Rh, Pt (2.2) |
| List the elements with electronegativity of 2.1 and 2.1 | P, At, H, Te (2.1) Po, As, B (2.0) |
| $What is the name, hybridization and bond angle for a four bond C | Tetrahedral, sp3, 109 |
| $What is the name, hybridization and bond angle for a three bond C | Trigonal planar, sp2, 120 |
| $What is the name, hybridization and bong angle for a two bond C | Linear, sp, 180 |
| $What is the length of a single C-C bond and the length of the C-H bonds | C-C: 154pm C-H: 110pm |
| $What is the length of a double C-C bond and the length of the C-H bonds | C-C: 133pm C-H: 108pm |
| $What is the length of a triple C-C bond and the length of the C-H bonds | C-C: 120pm C-H: 106pm |
| $What is the angle of a N-H bond with one group of valence electrons | 107 |
| $What is the angle of a O-H bond with two groups of valence electrons | 104 |
| $What is the formula for dipole moment | u=difference in electronegativity (Q) x distance separating charges (r) |
| Rule of electron movement | In multiple bond, electron movement is always towards most electronegative atom |
| What is the length of a typical C-O bond | 135pm |
| What is the length of a typical C-O double bond | 120pm |
| Rule of resonance form drawing | any three atom grouping with a p orbital on each atom as two resonance forms |
| What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid | a substance that donates a proton (H+) |
| What is a Bronsted-Lowry base | a substance that accepts a proton (H+) |
| What is a conjugate acid | The product that results when a B-L base gains a proton |
| What is a conjugate base | The product that results when a B-L acid loses a proton |
| Give the equation for the acidity constant, Ka | HA + H2O -> A- + H3O+ Ka=Keq[H2O]=[H3O+][A-]/[HA] |
| The stronger the acid (larger Ka) | the smaller the pKa |
| A Lewis acid | accepts an electron pair |
| A Lewis base | donates an electron pair |
| What direction do dipole arrows go | positive to negative |
| Electronegativites between 0 and 0.5 are | nonpolar covalent |
| Electronegativites between0.5 and 2 are | polar covalent |
| Electronegativities greater than 2 are | ionic |
| What is the formula for alkanes | CnH2n+2 |
| Constitutional isomers | differ in their connections between atoms |
| Conformations are | rotation of sigma bonds |
| What is the formula for cycloalkane | CnH2n |
| Cis | on the same side |
| Trans | across |
| Stereoisomers | atoms connected in same order but differ in three-dimensional orientation |
| cyclopropane | |
| cyclobutane | |
| cyclopentane | |
| cyclohexane |
Created by:
hweems90
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