Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry key terms
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| complex ion | a charged species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by ligands.
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| lanthanide contraction | the decrease in the atomic radii of the lanthanide series elements, going from left to right on the periodic table.
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| lanthanide series | a group of fourteen elements following lanthanum in the periodic table, in which the 4f orbitals are being filled.
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| coordination compound | a compound composed of a complex ion and counter ions sufficient to give no net charge.
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| counterions | anions or cations that balance the charge on the complex ion in a coordination compound.
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| oxidation states | a concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions according to certain rules.
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| coordination number | the number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands in a complex ion.
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| ligand | a neutral molecule or ion having a lone pair of electrons that can be used to form a bond to a metal ion; a Lewis base.
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| coordinate covalent bond | a metal-ligand bond resulting from the interaction of a Lewis base (the ligand) and a Lewis acid (the metal ion).
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| monodentate (unidentate) ligand | a ligand that can form one bond to a metal ion.
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| chelating ligand (chelate) | a ligand having more than one atom with a lone pair that can be used to bond to a metal ion.
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| bidentate ligand | a ligand that can form two bonds to a metal ion.
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| isomers | species with the same formula but different properties.
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| structural isomerism | isomerism in which the isomers contain the same atoms but one or more bonds differ.
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| stereoisomerism | isomerism in which all the bonds in the isomers are the same but the spatial arrangements of the atoms are different.
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| coordination isomerism | isomerism in a coordination compound in which the composition of the coordination sphere of the metal ion varies.
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| linkage isomerism | isomerism involving a complex ion where the ligands are all the same but the point of attachment of at least one of the ligands differs.
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| geometrical (cis-trans) isomerism | isomerism in which atoms or groups of atoms can assume different positions around a rigid ring or bond.
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| optical isomerism | isomerism in which the isomers have opposite effects on plane-polarized light.
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| chirality | the quality of having nonsuperimposable mirror images.
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| enantiomers | isomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other.
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