Liquids and Solids key terms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| condensed states | liquids and solids.
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| intermolecular forces | relatively weak interactions that occur between molecules.
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| dipole-dipole attraction | the attractive force resulting when polar molecules line up so that the positive and negative ends are close to each other.
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| hydrogen bonding | unusually strong dipole-dipole attractions that occur among molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (N, O, F).
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| London dispersion forces | the forces, existing among noble gas atoms and nonpolar molecules, that involve an accidental dipole that induces a momentary dipole in the neighbor.
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| surface tension | the resistance of a liquid to increase in its surface area.
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| capillary action | the spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube.
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| viscosity | the resistance of a liquid to flow.
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| crystalline solid | a solid with a regular arrangement of its components.
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| amorphous solid | a solid with considerable disorder in its structure.
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| lattice | a three-dimensional system of points designating the positions of the centers of the components of a solid (atoms, ions, or molecules).
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| unit cell | the smallest repeating unit of a lattice.
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| X-ray diffraction | a technique for establishing the structure of crystalline solids by directing X rays of a single wavelength at a crystal and obtaining a diffraction pattern from which inter-atomic spaces can be determined.
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| ionic solid (salt) | a solid containing cations and anions that dissolves in water to give a solution containing the separated ions which are mobile and thus free to conduct electrical current.
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| molecular solid | a solid composed of neutral molecules at the lattice points.
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| atomic solid | a solid that contains atoms at the lattice points.
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