Abdomen & Biliary Tract- pt 1
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| consists of the alimentary tract & certain contributory accessory organs | digestive system
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| masticate food | teeth
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| secrete fluid into mouth for digestion | salivary glands
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| secrete specialized digestive juices into the small intestine (2) | liver & pancreas
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| extends from diaphragm to superior bony pelvis; contains stomach, small & large intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas & kidneys | abdominal cavity
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| lies w/in the margins of the bony pelvis; contains the rectum & sigmoid of the large intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs | pelvic cavity
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| double-walled seromembranous sac enclosing abdominopelvic cavity | peritoneum
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| outer peritoneum | parietal peritoneum
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| inner peritoneum | visceral peritoneum
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| folds of peritoneum; support viscera in position | mesentery and omenta
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| space between the 2 layers of peritoneum | peritoneal cavity
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| contained in peritoneal cavity | serous fluid
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| cavity behind the peritoneum; contains kidneys & pancreas | retroperitoneum
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| largest gland in the body | liver
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| the diaphragmatic surface of liver is ______; the _______ surface is concave | convex; visceral
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| the deepest point of the liver is the ________ aspect just above the right ______ | inferior; kidney
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| body regions occupied by the liver | right hypochondrium; left hypochondrium & epigastrium
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| divides liver into right & left lobes | falciform ligament
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| smaller lobe of liver | left
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| minor, posterior lobe of liver | caudate lobe
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| minor, inferior lobe of liver | quadrate lobe
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| hilum of liver; located between the 2 minor lobes | porta hepatis
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| convey blood to liver | portal vein & hepatic artery
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| True or false? The portal system carries modified blood from the liver to the heart. | True
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| conveys blood from the liver sinusoids to the IVC | hepatic veins
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| True or false? The liver secretes bile at a rate of 1-3 pints (½- 1½ L) every hour. | False; 1-3 pints (½- 1½ L) per day
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| eliminates waste products of RBC destruction; aids in emulsification & assimiliation of fats | bile
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| bile: liver ➔ gallbladder or ________ | duodenum
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| beginning of biliary/ excretory system of liver | bile capillaries
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| 2 main ducts leading from each major lobe of liver, emerging at the porta hepatis | right & left hepatic ducts
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| convergence of main hepatic ducts | common hepatic duct
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| convergence of common hepatic duct & cystic duct | common bile duct
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| enlarged chamber between common bile & pancreatic ducts, and duodenum | hepatopancreatic ampulla, or ampulla of Vater
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| distal end of the common bile duct | choledochal sphincter
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| circular muscle that controls hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) | sphincter of Oddi, or
sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla
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| elevation on the duodenal mucosa where the hepatopancreaticj ampulla opens | major duodenal papilla
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| capacity of gallbladder | 2 ounces
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| thin-walled, pear-shaped, musculomembranous sac; concentrates, stores or evacuates bile | gallbladder
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| hormone that activates muscular contraction of gallbladder; secreted by the duodenal mucosa | cholecystokinin
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| capacity of gallbladder | 2 ounces
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| thin-walled, musculomembranous sac, pear-shaped; concentrates, stores or evauates bile | gallbladder
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| hormone that activates contraction of gallbladder | cholecystokinin
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| elongated gland extending from the duodenum to the spleen; 5½" long | pancreas
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| broadest part of pancreas; located at L2-L3 | head
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| True or false? The pancreas cannot be visualized on plain x-rays. | True
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| The ________ is both an exocrine & endocrine gland. | pancreas
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| location of inferior right portion of liver | L4
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| exocrine lobules of pancreas | produce pancreatic juice
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| endocrine islet cells of pancreas | produce insulin & glucagon
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| clusters of cells of pancreas | islets of Langerhans
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| glandlike but ductless bean-shaped organ of lymphatic system; 5" (13 cm) long, 3" (7.6 cm) wide & 1" (3.8 cm) thick; located in LUQ inferior to diaphragm & posterior to stomach | spleen
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| True or false? Abdominal radiographs should produce black-and-white contrast. | False; should have moderate gray tones
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| Best criteria for judging the quality of an abdominal radiograph | sharply defined outlines of: psoas muscles, inferior liver, kidneys, ribs & transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
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| 3 way or acute abdomen series | PA chest, KUB & upright AP abdomen
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