Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
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| a hydrocarbon that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds | saturated hydrocarbon
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| hydrocarbons in which carbons are joined together by single bonds are called | alkanes
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| CnH2n+2 is the type formula for | alkanes
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| the type formula for alkanes is | CnH2n+2
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| prefix meth- | 1
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| prefix eth- | 2
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| prefix prop- | 3
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| prefix but- | 4
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| prefix pent- | 5
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| prefix hex- | 6
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| prefix hept- | 7
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| prefix oct- | 8
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| prefix non- | 9
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| prefix dec- | 10
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| when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane a _______ is formed | alkyl group
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| type formula for an alkyl group | CnH2n+1
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| CnH2n+1 is the type formula for | alkyl group
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| the substances formed when an alkyl group attaches to Group VII elements are | alkyl halides
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| RX is the general formula for | alkyl halides
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| the general formula for alkyl halides is | RX
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| alkyl halide: carbon tetrachloride | CCl4
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| alkyl halide: chloroform | CHCl3
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| these hydrocarbons have multiple bonds between carbon atoms | unsaturated hydrocarbons
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| a large molecule made by linking together a number of monomers, or basic chemical units | polymer
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| the linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer | polymerization
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| substances which contain one or more double bonds between two of the carbon atoms | alkenes
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| CnH2n is the type formula for | alkenes
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| the type formula for alkenes is | CnH2n
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| the simplest alkene is | ethene
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| an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bonds between two of the carbon atoms | alkyne
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| CnH2n-2 is the type formula for | alkyne
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| the type formula for alkynes is | CnH2n-2
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| the simplest of the alkynes, known as a settling gas: | ethyne
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| any compound containing a resonance-stabilized ring such as benzene and its derivatives | aromatic
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| C6H6 is | benzene
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| a colorless flammable liquid used to synthesize many other chemicals | benzene
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| a solvent found in paint thinners, also used to manufacture TNT | toluene
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| C6H5CH3 | toluene
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| this aromatic features a methyl group | toluene
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| also called carbolic acid/weak acid, or hydroxybenzene | phenol
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| C6H5OH | phenol
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| this aromatic features a hydroxyl group | phenol
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| orthodichlorobenzene has the Cl attached at the ___ and ____ carbons | 1st and 2nd
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| metadichlorobenzene has the Cl attached at the ___ and _____ carbons | 1st and 3rd
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| paradichlorobenzene has the Cl attached at the ___ and ____ carbons | 1st and 4th
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| this aromatic is also used as a mold-inhibitor | paradichlorobenzene
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| ortho, meta, and para isomers where a methyl group are the hydrogen substitutes | xylenes
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| these aromatics make very good organic solvents and are good at synthesizing other products | xylenes
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| ortho, meta, and para isomers where a methyl group AND a hydroxyl group are attached | cresols
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| these aromatics make good surface disinfectants and are used in lysol products | cresols
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| contain two or more fused benzene rings, the simplest of which is naphthalene | polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
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| have a ring structure that contains some element other than carbon IN the ring | heterocyclic compounds
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| nicotine is an example of a | heterocyclic compound
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| indole and skatole are examples of | heterocyclic compounds
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