Respiratory System11
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| Posterior openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx. | show 🗑
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| show | Nasal septum
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| Bony ridges on the lateral walls of the nasal cavit | show 🗑
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| Air-filled spaces within bones that connect to the nasal cavity; reduce skull weight and act as resonating chambers. | show 🗑
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| Brings tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity | show 🗑
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| show | Epitheliu
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| The superior part of the pharynx | show 🗑
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| show | Soft palate and uvula
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| show | Nasopharynx
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| show | Oropharynx
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| Connects to the esophagus | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroid cartilage
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| Unpaired cartilage; covers opening into larynx during swallowing. | show 🗑
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| Three paired cartilages. | show 🗑
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| Ligaments that close together to prevent materials from entering the larynx | show 🗑
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| show | Vocal folds
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| show | Trachea
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| show | Trachea
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| Tubes that supply each lung | show 🗑
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| show | Lobes
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| show | Bronchopulmonary segments
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| show | Secondary bronchi
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| show | Tertiary bronchi
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| show | Terminal bronchioles
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| show | Alveolar ducts
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| Place where most gas exchange takes place (some exchange takes place in the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles). | show 🗑
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| show | Thoracic cavity
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| Cavity formed by membranes; surround the lungs. | show 🗑
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| The part of the pleural membrane that is in contact with the lungs. | show 🗑
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| The pleural cavity contains a thin film of this substance which acts as a lubricant. | show 🗑
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| show | Superficial lymphatic vessels
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| show | Deep lymphatic vessels
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| show | Muscles of inspiration
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| Muscles that depress the ribs and sternum | show 🗑
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| show | Muscles of expiration
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| Expiration during quite breathing occurs when these muscles relax and the elastic recoil of the thorax and lungs decreases thoracic volume | show 🗑
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| Two factors that cause the lungs to recoil | show 🗑
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| A mixture of lipoproteins produced by the epithelium of the alveoli; reduces surface tension. | show 🗑
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| Two factors that keep the lungs from collapsing. | show 🗑
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| Effect of increased thoracic volume on pleural pressure | show 🗑
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| Effect of increased lung recoil on pleural pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Increases
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| Effect of increased alveolar volume on alveolar pressure. | show 🗑
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| Effect of decreased alveolar pressure on air movement into the lungs. | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary volumes
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| show | Tidal volume
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| show | Residual volume
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| Sum of two or more pulmonary volumes. | show 🗑
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| Sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. | show 🗑
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| After a person inspires maximally, the rate at which lung volume changes when he exhales maximally and as rapidly as possible. | show 🗑
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| show | Dead space
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| The effect on gas exchange when the respiratory membrane becomes thicker; an example is pulmonary edema. | show 🗑
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| show | Decreases
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| show | Partial pressure
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| show | Increases
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| show | Increases
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| The partial pressure of oxygen in blood compared to the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues. | show 🗑
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| The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood compared to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in tissues. | show 🗑
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| show | Medullary respiratory center
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| show | Dorsal respiratory groups
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| Controls the external intercostal, internal intercostal, and abdominal muscles. | show 🗑
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| Appears to play a role in switching between inspiration and expiration | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebral cortex
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| show | Hering-Breuer reflex
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| show | Carbon dioxide
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| The effect of an increase in blood carbon dioxide on blood pH. | show 🗑
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| show | Increases
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| Primarily responsible for detecting changes in blood pH | show 🗑
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| show | Carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors
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| show | Increases
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| show | Increases
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| Effect of stimulation of proprioceptors on respiratory rate during exercise. | show 🗑
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| Changes in average arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH values during exercise. | show 🗑
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| The highest level of exercise that can be performed without causing a significant change in blood gases and pH. | show 🗑
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| The change in vital capacity. | show 🗑
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| The change in tidal volume at rest and during submaximal exercise. | show 🗑
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| The change in tidal volume during maximal exercise. | show 🗑
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| The change in respiratory rate during maximal exercise. | show 🗑
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| show | Increases
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| List 5 functions of the respiratory system | show 🗑
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| show | Trachea, primary bronchus, secondary bronchus,
tertiary bronchus, bronchiole, terminal
bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct,
alveolus
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| Describe the relationship between the tracheobronchial tree and the lungs and the parts of the lungs | show 🗑
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| show | As volume increases pressure decreases, and as
volume decreases, pressure increases
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| List two factors that tend to cause the lungs to recoil and two factors that prevent the alveoli from collapsing | show 🗑
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| List the four pulmonary volumes and define vital capacity. | show 🗑
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| List the six layers of the respiratory membrane. | show 🗑
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| List two ways oxygen is transported in the blood, and state their relative importance | show 🗑
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| List three ways that carbon dioxide is transported in the blood, and indicate their relative importance. | show 🗑
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| Describe the chemical events that result in a decrease in blood pH when blood carbon dioxide levels increase. | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon dioxide, pH (hydrogen ions), and oxygen.
Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata are most
sensitive to small changes in carbon dioxide and
pH. An increase in carbon dioxide or a decrease
in pH stimulates respiration
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| show | At rest: changes in pH, which can be caused by
changes in carbon dioxide; during exercise: input
from the motor cortex and proprioceptors
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| show | Expand
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| show | Lung recoil
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| The visceral and parietal plurae are not pulled apart by lung recoil because they are held together by (3) . | show 🗑
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| show | Expand
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| The molecule formed when oxygen combines with hemoglobin is (1) . | show 🗑
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| About 98.5% of oxygen is transported as (2) . | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma
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| More oxygen is released from oxyhemoglobin when the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues is (4) | show 🗑
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| show | High
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| the pH of carbon dioxide is (6) | show 🗑
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| and the temperature in the tissues is (7) | show 🗑
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| About 7% of carbon dioxide is transported by (1) , 23 % by (2) (primarily hemoglobin), and 70% as (3) . | show 🗑
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| show | Carbonic anhydrase, Carbonic acid
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| show | Hydrogen ions
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| show | Decreases
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| show | Threshold
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| show | More
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| show | Pontine
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| show | Stretch
receptors
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Created by:
kc66501