Cards for exam 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy is conserved
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| Second law of Thermodynamics | Any system NOT at equilibrium has an inherent direction in which it will move in order to reach equilibrium
*This is called a spontaneous reaction
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| Third law of Thermodynamics | The Entropy of a pure crystalline solid is equal to zero at absolute zero (i.e. there is no disorder)
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| Factors determining Spontaneity | 1) Exothermic reactions have a strong tendency to be spontaneous
2) The greater disorder of the system, the greater system entropy, therefore high spontaneity
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| Gibbs free energy change(equation) | delta_g=delta_h-[(t(kelvin))(delta_s)]
delta_g(rxn)=delta_g(prod)-delta_g(react)
*State function
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| Gibbs free energy change and reaction spontaneity | delta_g,negative= Occurs in forward direction
delta_g,positive= Occurs in reverse direction
delta_g,0= Equilibrium
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| Standard Conditions | solids exist as pure solids
liquids exist as pure liquids
gases exist at 1 atm pressure
solutions have all solutes present at a concentration of 1 mol/l
25 degrees Celsius
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| Gibbs free energy change | Measure of the maximum amount of usable work that can be done by the system on the surroundings by a spontaneous process at constant pressure
* Tells us nothing about the speed of the reaction
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| Gibbs free energy change under non-standard conditions | delta_g=delta_g(std)-(R)(T)(ln(Q))
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| delta_g to K | delta_g=-(R)(T)(ln(K))
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