AP Psychology Psychological Disordes.
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psychological disorder | deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.
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attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms, extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
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medical model | this model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.
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anxiety disorders | psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
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generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
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panic disorder | an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
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phobia | an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
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obsessive-compulsive disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
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post-traumatic stress disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
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dissociative disorders | disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
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dissociative identity disorder | a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
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mood disorders | psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.
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major depressive disorder | a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.
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bipolar disorder | a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)
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schizophrenia | a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
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delusions | false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
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personality disorders | psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
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antisocial personality disorder | a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
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mania | mania: a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
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