Genetics - Term 1
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| Allele | 1 of 2 or more different genes that coode for similar proteins at the same locus on the chromosome
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| Asexual reproduction | mitosis in the absence of gametes; the offspring are identical to the parent
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| Autosome | any of the chromosomes other than the sex defending chromosomes
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| Chromosome | linear thread of DNA found in the nucleus carrying the genetic code in the form of genes
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| Congenital | devlop anomaly in which environ influences during the develop caused a mutation
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| Diploid # | normal # of chromosomes for a particular species
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| Dominant | an allele that is expressed in the phenotype even if the individual is heterzygous
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| Gene | basic unit of heredity
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| Genotype | genetic makeup of an individual
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| Haploid # | half the normal # of chromosome; found in the gametes
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| heredity | passing on of traits from parents to offspring
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| heterozygous | possesing different alleles for a trait
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| homozygous | possesing identical alleles for a trait
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| Hybrid | offspring of distantly related or different species
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| incomplete dominance | phenotypic blending of 2 alleles
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| Locus | position on the chromosome where the alleles are located
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| Phenotype | outward apperance of an individual
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| progeny | offspring
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| Punnett square | graph used to calc the % of offspring with particular genotypes
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| recessive | allele that is not expressed in the phenotype unless the individual is homozygous
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| Sexual repro | creation of offspring from gametes
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| Trait | distinguishing charac of an individual
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| Mendel | Gregor; monk
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| Somatic Cells | body
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| Gametes | haploid - sex cells, containg 1 chromosome of each type
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| BB | Simple Dominance; homozygous
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| Bb | Simple dominance; heterozygous
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| bb | simple dominance; homozygous; recessive
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| Sex Linked | X Y = Y does not contain all the same genes
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| Codominance | both alleles appear equally in the phenotype
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| Lethal Genes | A gene whose expression results in the death of the individual expressing it.
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| Incomplete Dominance | Phenotype that is intermdiate between 2 alleles; Red X Y = Pink
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| RR x R'R' | R = Red; R' = white 100% pink
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| Dihybrid Cross | A cross between two individuals identically heterozygous at two loci for example, AaBb/AaBb.
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| complementary | 2 genes that are only expressed when both are present
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| Epistatis | (epi = above); one gene masks the express of a second gene at a seperate locus
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| Polygenic Inheritance | traits that are created by the interation of multiple different genes
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| Line breeding | mating w/in a certain faily and maintaing the relationship
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| Out-crossing | unrelated animals (mutt)
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