Solutions/Acids, Bases, Salts, Ionization
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| homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances | true solutions
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| solid solutions are known as | alloys
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| the substance dissolved | solute
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| the substance that does the dissolving AKA "vehicle" | solvent
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| the measure of how well two substances mix | solubility
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| a solution that contains all the solute the solvent can hold at a given temperature is | saturated
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| a solution that contains less solute than it can hold is | unsaturated
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| true or false: supersaturated solutions are stable | False
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| 3 Factors which influence solubility: | 1) nature of the solvent and nature of the solute, 2) temperature, 3) pressure
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| a solution that contains a relatively small amount of solute | dilute solution
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| a solution that contains a relatively large amount of solute | concentrated solution
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| the weight of the solute divided by the total weight of the solution times 100 describes what measurement? | percent by weight/mass
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| the volume of the solute divided by the total volume of the solution times 100 describes what measurement? | percent by volume
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| formaldehyde dissolved in water is called | formalin
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| formalin is what percent formaldehyde by weight? | 37% by weight
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| formalin is what percent formaldehyde by volume? | 40% by volume
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| the concentration of a very dilute solution is often expressed using | parts per million
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| equation for parts per million (ppm) | ppm= mg of solute/L of solution
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| this term expressed the concentration of formaldehyde in embalming fluid | index
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| the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas in 100 mL of solution | index
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| movement from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration | diffusion
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| the simple diffusion of water | osmosis
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| when a body with normal moisture content is embalmed, the injected embalming fluid should be slightly a) hypertonic, b) hypotonic, c) isotonic to the contents of the tissues | hypotonic
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| initial fluid injected into edematous bodies should be slightly a) hypertonic, b) hypotonic, c) isotonic | hypertonic
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| fluids used to embalm dehydrated bodies should be slightly a) hypertonic, b) hypotonic, c) isotonic | hypotonic
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| particle size between 1 and 100 um | colloid
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| particle size greater than 100 um | suspension
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| particle size less than 1 um | true solution
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| can pass through both filters and membranes | true solution
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| can pass through filters, but not membranes | colloid
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| cannot pass through filters nor membranes | suspension
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| particles which can be seen with the naked eye | suspension
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| particles which can be seen with a microscope | colloid
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| particles which can be seen only with an electron microscope | true solution
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| particles which exhibit molecular movement | true solution
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| particles which exhibit Brownian (random) motion | colloid
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| particles which move only by the force of gravity | suspension
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| change blue litmus to red | acids
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| acids react with bases to form water and | a salt
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| the reaction of acids and bases to form water and a salt is called a _____ reaction | neutralization
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| change red litmus blue | bases
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| nonmetallic oxides react with water to form | acids (called acid anhydrides)
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| metallic oxides react with water to form | bases (called basic anhydrides)
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| composed of metallic elements or the positive ammonium ion in combination with one or more ions of a nonmetallic element | salts
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| the major chemical reaction of salts by which the ions of a salt "break apart" water molecules into H+ and OH- ions | hydrolysis
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| the measure of hydrogen ion concentration | pH
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| the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration | pH
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| pH of 7 is | neutral
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| pH of less than 7 is | acidic
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| pH of more than 7 is | basic
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| pH of human gastric juice | 1-3
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| pH of pure water | 7
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| pH of blood | 7.3-7.5
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| pH of embalming fluid | 6.5-9.0
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| substances that, in solution, are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original or constant pH of the solution | buffers
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