Chem II Lab - spring 2011
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| Hydrocarbon | organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms
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| Chain Aliphatic Hydrocarbons | compounds consisting of carbons linked either in a straight chain or in a branched chain
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| Cyclic Hydrocarbons | aliphatic compounds that have carbon atoms linked in a closed paragon (aka ring)
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| Alkanes | hydrocarbons which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds
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| Saturation of Hydrocarbons | Alkane- saturated Alkene- unsaturated Alkyne- unsaturated
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| Alkene | hydrocarbons which contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond
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| Alkyne | hydrocarbons which contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
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| Aromatic | cyclic hydrocarbons that contain a closed loop (sextet) of electrons
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| Hydrocarbons vs. Polar Solvents | hydrocarbons do not mix with polar solvents such as water or ethyl alcohol, but will mix with other organic non-polar solvents
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| Density of Hydrocarbons | density of hydrocarbons is less than water, therefore hydrocarbons float
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| Solubility of Hydrocarbons | hydrocarbons are not soluble in hemicawater
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| Chemical Reactions of Hydrocarbons | Combustion, Reaction with Bromine, Reaction with Sulfric Acid, and Reaction with Potassium Permangante
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| Combustion | All hydrocarbons participate in combustion, resulting in CO2 and O2 as products. Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes burn with a yellow non-sooty flame. Aromatic burns with a black sooty flame.
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| Reaction with Bromine | Alkanes do not react.(addition rxn) Alkenes break their double bond and replace with 2 Bromines. Alkynes break their triple bonds and replace with 4 Bromines. **Brown-red to colorless rxn**
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| Aromatic Reaction with Bromine | aromatics undergoes a substitution reaction with Bromine in the presence of an Fe or AlCl3 catalyst.
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| Reaction with Sulfuric Acid | (addition rxn) Alkanes and Aromatics do not react. Alkenes break double bonds and replace with H and HSO4. Alkynes does the same but slower and in the presence of HgSO4. **cold to warm rxn**
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| Reaction with Potassium Permanganate | Alkanes, Alkynes and Aromatics do no react. Alkenes break their double bonds and replace with two OH and produces MnO2 and KOH. **purple to brown rxn (Alkene forms a glycol)
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