info 3130 test 1
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| Information technology can help all kinds of businesses improve the | efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, managerial decision making, and workgroup collaboration
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| information system | can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, data resources, and policies and procedures that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates info in an organization
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| 3 vital roles that info systems can perform for a business enterprise | support of business processes and operations, support of decision making by employees and managers, support of strategies for competitive advantage
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| electronic data processing | the basic role in info systems in the 1960s, transaction processing, record keeping, and accounting
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| management information systems | processing data into useful reports
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| decision support systems | role of info systems in the 1970s to provide managerial end users with ad hoc, interactive support for their decision-making process
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| executive information systems | created to give top executives an easy way to get the critical information they wanted, when they wanted it, and tailored to the formats they preferred
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| enterprise resource planning systems | organization-specific form of a strategic info system integrates all facets of a firm including its planning, manufacturing, sales, resource management.... etc.
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| e-business | use of internet technologies to work and empower business processes, e-commerce, and enterprise collaboration within a company and with its customers, suppliers,and other business stakeholders
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| intranet | those inside the enterprise
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| extranet | between an enterprise and its trading partners
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| companies rely on e-business applications to | reengineer internal business processes, implement e-commerce systems with their customers and suppliers, and promote enterprise collaboration among business teams
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| operations support systems | produce a variety of information products for internal and external use; however they do not emphasize the specific information products that can best be used by managers
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| transaction processing systems | important examples of operations support systems that record and process the data resulting from business transactions
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| batch processing | transactions data are accumulated over a period of time and processed periodically
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| real time processing | data is processed immediately after a transaction occurs
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| several major types of information systems support a variety of decision making responsibilities | management info systems, decision support systems, and executive info systems
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| success in today's dynamic business environment depends heavily on | maximizing the use of internet based technologies and web enabled information systems to meet the competitive requirements of customers, suppliers, and other business partners in a global market
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| success should be measured by | the effectiveness of the info technology in supporting an organization's business strategies, enabling its business processes, enhancing its organizational structures and culture, and increasing the customer value of the enterprise
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| system | set of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives by accepting in puts and producing outputs in an organized transformation process
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| input | involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed
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| processing | involves transformation processes that convert input into output
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| output | involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination
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| an information system is a system that | accepts resources as input and processes them into products as output
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| a business organization is a system in which | human and economic resources are transformed by various business processes into goods and services
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| self-montioring, self-regulating system | automatically monitors and regulates itself to maintain a desired output
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| cybernetic system | automatically monitors and adjusts many of its functions
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| open system | a system that interacts with other systems in its environment
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| adaptive system | has the ability to change itself or its environment to survive
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| information systems are made up of interrelated components | people, hardware, software, peripherals, and networks
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| boundaries of systems | functions, modules, type of application, department, and end-user group
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| all the interrelated components of a system work together to achieve a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process: | using raw materials, hiring new people, manufacturing products for sale, and disseminating information to others
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| information systems make extensive use of feedback and control to improve their effectiveness: | error messages, dialog boxes, passwords, and user rights management
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| 5 basic resources of information systems | people, hardware, software, data, and networks
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| 5 basic resources of info systems | people, hardware, software, data and networks
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| end users | people who use an info system or the information it produces. can be customers, salespersons, engineers, clerks, accountants, or managers
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| knowledge workers | people who spend most of their time communicating and collaborating in teams and workgroups and creating, using, and distributing info
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| value added process | data's form is aggregated, manipulated, and organized; the content it analyzed and evaluated; data is placed in a proper context for a human user
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| Why study information systems and information technology? | vital component of successful businesses, helps businesses expand and compete, improves efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, facilitates managerial decision making and workgroup collaboration
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| What is an information system? | a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute info to support decision-making, coordination, and control in an organization
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| Objective of any IS is to | help solve business problems of leverage business opportunities
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| components of an information system | people, software, data, hardware, networks
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| What should business professionals know about IS? | management challenges, information technologies, foundation concepts, development processes, business applications
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| Why use IS? | doing things faster: automation and efficient business processes, doing things better: organizational learning and development, doing things smarter: support business strategy and enable innovation, emergence of internet economy and global digital firm
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| What is E-business? | using internet technologies to empower business processes, electronic commerce, collaboration within a company, and with customers suppliers and other business stakeholders
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| How is e-business being used? | supply chain management, accounting and finance, manufacturing and production, engineering and research, customer relationship management
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| operations support systems | efficiently process business transactions, control industrial processes, support communication and collaboration, update corporate databases
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| management support systems | provide information as reports and displays, give direct computer support to managers during decision making
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| types of operation support systems | transaction processing systems, process control systems, enterprise collaboration systems
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| transaction processing systems | focus on recording and processing daily routine transactions, goal is to automate repetitive information processing activities, predefined, highly structured, and automated, 24/7, critical for business
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| process control systems | monitor and control physical processes, example: using sensors to monitor chemical processes in a petroleum refinery
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| enterprise collaboration systems | enhance team and workgroup communication, example: email, video conferencing
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| management information systems | routing planning and control, summary exception reports, predefined questions and formats, mostly internal data, depend on underlying transaction processing system for data
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| DSS | support semistructured decision making, ad hoc support, use of analytical and modeling tools, internal and external data, what if analysis and scenario analysis, uses interactive and user friendly interface
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| executive information systems | critical information for executives and managers, support strategic decision making, provide top level view of business, drill down capability, integrate internal and external data, user friendly
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| business IT challenges | speed and flexibility requirements of product develop, mfg, and delivery cycles, reengineering and cross functional integration of business processes using IT, and of ebusiness and ecommerce into the org's strategies, process, structure, and culture
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| business IT developments | use of the internet, intranets, extranets and the Web as the primary IT infrastructure, diffusion of web technology to internetwork employees, customers and suppliers, global networked
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| business IT goals | give customers what the want, when and how they want it at the lowest cost, coordination of mfg and business processes with suppliers and customers, mrkt channel partnerships with suppliers and distributors
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| developing IS solutions | investigate, analyze, design, implement, maintain-- then the process starts over again
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| application of IT | customer relationship management, human resources management, business intelligence systems
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| potential harm with IT | infringements on privacy, inaccurate information, collusion
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| potential risks of IT | consumer boycotts, work stoppages, government intervention
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| possible responses of IT | codes of ethics, incentives, certification
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| IT job increases will be driven by... | rapid growth in computer systems design and related services, the need to backfill positions, info sharing and client/server environments, need for those with problem solving skills, failing hardware and software prices
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| the IS function is... | a major functional area of business, important contributor to operation efficiency, employee productivity, morale, customer service and satisfaction, source of info and support for decision making, develop competitive products
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| system concepts helps us understand | techonology, applications, development, management
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| cybernetic system | a self monitoring, self regulating system, adds feedback and control
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| business professionals should be able to look at an information system and identify | the people, hardware, software, data, and network resources they use, the type of information products they produce, the way they perform input, processing, output, storage and control activites
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| information technology can help all kinds of businesses improve the efficiency of | business process, managerial decision making, and workgroup collaboration
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| within the context of an information system the following would be considered an end user: | managers, accountants, and customers
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| in essence, e-business is considered an online exchange of | value
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| a business firm's operations support system should efficiently | update corporate databases, process business transactions, and control industrial processes
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| a manager needs to have summary sales information, organized by product line, before making a purchasing decision. this type of info would most likely come from a _______ system | management information
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| gives direct computer support to managers during the decision making process | decision support systems
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| the major thrust of knowledge management systems is to: | develop computer systems in order to help knowledge workers create, organize, and share important business knowledge wherever and whenever needed
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| when the success of an information system is measure by its effectiveness, this does not apply: | minimizing the cost, time, and use of resources
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| does not apply to the system concept | the feedback component of a system monitors and evaluates information provided by the control component to determine whether the system is moving toward its goal
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| the strategic role of information systems involves using: | information technology to develop products, services, and capabilities that give a company major advantages over the competitive forces it faces in the global marketplace
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| five competitive forces | the rivalry of competitors within its industry, the threat of new entrants into an industry, the threat posed by substitute products, the bargaining power of customers, the bargaining power of suppliers
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| if customer's bargaining power gets too strong, companies can: | drive prices to unmanageably low levels or just refuse to buy the product or service
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| if a suppliers bargaining power gets too strong a company can: | force the price of the goods or services to unmanageably high levels or just starve a business by controlling the flow of parts
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| cost leadership strategy | becoming a low cost producer of products and services in the industry or finding ways to help suppliers or customers reduce their costs or increase the costs of competitors
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| differentiation strategy | developing ways to differentiate a firm's products and services from those of its competitors or reduce the differentiation advantages of competitors
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| innovation strategy | finding new ways of doing business
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| growth strategy | significantly expanding a company's capacity to produce goods and services, expanding into global markets, diversifying into new products and services, or integrating into related goods
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| alliance strategies | establishing new business linkages and alliances with customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants, and other companies
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| the chief business value of becoming a customer focused business lies in the ability to | help them keep customers loyal, anticipate their future needs, respond to customer concerns, and provide top-quality customer service
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| the level of change linked to business process reengineering can best be described as | radical
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| to be an agile company, a business must implement all of the following: | leverage the impact of people and information, enrich customers with solutions to their problems, cooperate with customers, suppliers, and competitors
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| becoming a knowledge creating company or a learning organization means: | consistently creating new business knowledge, disseminating knowledge widely throughout the company, quickly building the new knowledge into products and services
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| the reasons for difficulty in placing value on knowledge management systems include: | their ability to generate income is often measured indirectly, the return on investment is hard to quantify, the decision to implement the system may be intuitive and merely seem like an idea
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| a strategic information system is any information system that uses IT to help an organization | gain a competitive advantage, reduce a competitive disadvantage, or meet other strategic enterprise objectives
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| competitive strategies are not: | mutually exclusive
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| strategic focus on customer value recognizes that: | quality, not price, has become the primary determinant of value, customers expect consistent quality
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| interprise information systems link: | customers, suppliers, subcontractors, competitors
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| the most basic logical data element is the ________ which consists of a single alphabetic, numeric or other symbol | character
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| describes a database | an integrated collection of logically related records or files, consolidates records previously stored in separate files into a common pool of data records, includes stored data that is independent of the app programs using it
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| operation used to create a subset of records that meet a stated criterion | select
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| the multidimensional database model is a variation of the: | relational model
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| an object does: | combines the attributes and programs that can be performed on those attributes
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| acquiring information from various operational and external databases and then cleaning and transforming it into data suitable for analysis involves: | filtering out unwanted data, correcting incorrect data, aggregating data into new data subsets
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| objectives of data management | accurate, timely, format, ease of access, relevant, complete, concise, secure, maintainable
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| database definition | language and graphical tools to define entities, relationships, integrity constraints, and authorization rights
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| nonprocedural access | language and graphical tools to access data without complicated coding
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| application development | graphical tools to develop menus, data entry, forms and reports
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| procedural language interface | language that combines nonprocedural access with full capabilities of a programming language
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| transaction processing | control mechanisms to prevent interference from simultaneous users and recover lost data after a failure
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| database tuning | tools to monitor and improve database performance
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| database development | defining and organizing the content, relationships, and structure of the data needed to build a database
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| database application development | using DBMS to create prototypes of queries, forms, reports, web pages
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| database maintenance | using transaction processing systems and other tools to add, delete, update, and correct data
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