physic 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Three parts of the x-ray system | x-ray tube, operating console, high voltage generator
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| Where is the x-ray tube located? | in the exam room and the operating console in the adjoining room, seperated by a protective barrier
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| Where is a high votage generator located | always close to the tube and usually in the exam room
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| What does the operating console allow the tech to control | x-ray tube current and voltage to ensure proper quality and quanitity
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| What does the operating console provide | control for the line voltage compensator, kvp, ma and exposure time
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| What voltage are electric circuits that connect the meter and controls on the operating console | low
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| What does the line voltage compensator measure | voltage provided to the x-ray imaging system
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| What does the line voltage compensator do | maintains the voltage at 220 V
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| What does radiation quantity refer to | Number of x-rays or the intensity of the beam
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| What is radiation quantity measured in | mR/mAs
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| What does radiation quality refer to | penetrability of the x-ray beam
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| Radiation quality is expressed in ___ or more precisely _________ | kVp;half-value layer
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| How many windings does a autotransformer have | 1
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| What are autotransformers designed to supply | precise voltage to the filament circuit and to the high voltage circuit
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| What is the first component to receive power | autotransformer
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| What is the equation for autotransformer law | Vs/Vp=Ns/Np
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| What does Vp represent? Vs, Np, Ns | primary voltage, secondary voltage, # of windings enclosed by primary connection, # of windings enclosed by secondary connection
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| What determines the quality of an x-ray | kVp
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| What determines the quantity of an x-ray | mAs
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| X-ray tube current is measured in | Milliamperes (mA)
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| What determines the number of electrons emitted by the filament | Temperature of the filament
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| What is the release of electrons from a heated filament | thermonic emission
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| what controls the filemant temperature | filament current
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| what is the cloud of electrons surrounding the filament | space charge effect
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| where is the filament loctated | high voltaage setion
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| the filament is a __________ transformer | step down
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| a precise device designed to drive a shaft at precisely 60 revolutions per second (1/60) | synchronous timer
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| most accurate of all timers and allow a wide range of time intervals to be selected and are accurate to intervals as small as 1 ms | electronic timer
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| what is the device that measures the quantity of radiation that reaches the IR | AEC
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| when the exposure begins at the maximum mA and continues to drop as the anode heats and results in a minimal exposure time is caused by | falling-load generator
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| on an AEC the electronic back up should be set at what | 1.5 (150%)
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| what type of transformer is the high voltage transformer | step up transformer
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| what is the device tht allows electrons to flow in only one direction | rectifier
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| where are rectifiers located | high voltage setion
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| how is rectification accomplished | diodes
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| what are the 3 parts of the high voltage generator | high voltage transformer, filament transformer, rectifiers
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| what appears as the voltage waveform supplied to the primary side of the high-voltage transformer, except the amplitude is much greater? | unrectified voltage
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| a condition in which the voltage is not allowed to swing negatively during the negative half of its cycle, therefore only flows during the positive cycle | half-wave rectification
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| what is responsible for increasing the output voltage from the autotranformer to the kVp necessary for x-ray production | high voltage generator
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| The negative half-cycle corresponding to the inverse voltage is reversed so that the anode is always positive | full-wave rectification
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| what is the main advantage with full wave rectification | exposure time for any given technique is cut in half
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| What is caused by the alternate swing in voltage from zero to maximum potential 120 times each second | single phase power
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| what is the diagnostic value of single phase power and why | none because of low energy and low penetraility
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| multiple voltage wave forms are superimposed on one another, resulting in a wave form that maintains a nearly constant high voltage,never dropping to 0 | three phase power
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| what is the disadvantage of three phase power | cost
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| what are the 2 types of 3 phase power | 6 pulse, 12 pulse
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| what produces nearly constant waveform improving image, quality and lower pt dose | high frequency generators
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| what are advantages in high frequency generators | compact in size, less costly, more efficient and voltage is most constant
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| what modalities use high frequency generators | mammagraphy and spiral CT systems
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| during exposure what is responsible for releasing the charge to form the x-ray tube current needed to produce the x-ray | capacitor discharge generator
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| How are transformers and high voltage generators usually identified | by their power rating
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| what is the lowest power rating of all generators | single phase
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| the_____ voltage rating has the _______ power rating | highest, lowest
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| What is the turn ratio of high voltage transformers | 500:1 and 1000:1
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| what type of current does a high voltage transformer operate on | alternating
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| what is a electronic device that contains 2 electrodes and allows electrons to flow from cathode to anode | diodes
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| in modern day imaging systems, the components for retification are? | solid state semiconductors
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| how many pulses/sec are produced for half wave rectification | 60
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| how many pulses/sec are produced for full wave rectification | 120
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| how many pulses/sec are produced for 3 phase power | 360 (6 pulses per 1/60 sec)
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| what is the x ray tube current controlled by | filament circuit
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| what is the difference between primary and secondary waveforms | amplitude
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| What is the process of converting from ac to dc | rectification
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| what is the means for characterizing voltage waveforms | voltage ripple
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| the _______ voltage ripple, the ________ radiation quantity and quality | less, greater
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| What is the voltage ripple for 3 phase 6 pulse | 14% (voltage supplied to tube never falls below 86% of max value)
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| what is the voltage ripple for 3 phase 12 pulse | 4% (voltage does not fall below 96% of max value)
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| what is the voltage ripple for high frequency | 1% (most efficient method of x ray production with the lowest voltage ripple)
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| what is the voltage ripple for single phase | 100%
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